Macromolecules Flashcards
Which three macromolecules are polymers?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleus Acids
What is the major function of carbohydrates?
They are the primary source of energy for the human body.
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What are carbohydrates composed if?
Simple sugars and monosaccharides
What is the carb ratio?
1:2:1
What is the major function of proteins?
Proteins are the primary structural components of all body tissues.
What are the elements that make up proteins?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen (Sometimes Sulfur)
What are the monomers of a protein?
Amino acids
What is the chemical structure of an amino acid?
The variable
The carboxlyic Acid group (c o2 h)
The amine group (n h2)
What is the only thing that differs between amino acids?
The variable
What is dehydration synthesis?
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule when bonding.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A chemical reaction which results in the breaking of bonds, and the gaining if water.
What does the polysaccharide of starch look like?
Glucose molecules bonded to form a chain
What does the polysaccharide glycogen look like?
Glucose molecules bonded together, and stacked in top of each other
What is the primary function of lipids?
They store energy for long term use, form cell membranes, and are responsible for cell communication and bone structure.
What elements create lipids?
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
What are lipids composed of?
3 fatty acids and glycerol
Hence the term triglycerides
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats have a double bond in the fatty acid chain. Unsaturated fats are solid at room temperature, while saturated fats are liquid.
Why would a polysaccharide have more energy than a monosaccharide or disaccharide?
Energy is stored in bonds, and there are more bonds within a polysaccharide.
How do you tell the difference between carbohydrates and lipids when looking at their chemical structure? Seeing as how they are both composed of the same elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbohydrates follow closely a 1:2:1 ratio. (C:H:O)
What is the primary function of Nucleic Acids?
Nucleic acids store and carry genetic information.
What elements create Nucleic Acids?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur
What is the monomer a of Nucleic Acid?
A nucleotide
What are the two types of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
