DNA and Gel Electrophoresis Flashcards
DNA is stored in the ______ of every cell.
Nucleus
DNA is necessary for every living organism to ____ and _____.
Live and grow
DNA gives each cell a ____.
Role
DNA molecules form a twisted ladder shape called a ______ _____.
Double helix
Each nucleotide consists of a ________, a ______, and a _____.
Phosphate, sugar, and base
There are four types of bases: _, _, _ , and _.
A, C, T, and G
A DNA sequence forms a ____.
Gene
The building blocks of DNA are _______.
Nucleotides
A stands for ______.
Adenine
C stands for _______.
Cytosine
T stands for _______.
Thymine
G stands for _______.
Guanine
Adenine joins with ______. Cytosine joins with ______.
Thymine: Guanine. (A joins with T, C joins with G)
Purines consist of ______, and ______.
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines consist of _______, and _______.
Cytosine and Thymine
How do purines differ from pyrimidines?
Purines have a double base; purines have more electrons; purines have more nitrogen.
Base pairs formed from Adenine and Thymine have ___ bonds.
Two
Base pairs formed from Cytosine and Guanine have _____ bonds.
Three
Restriction enzymes ___ DNA in specific places.
Cut
Gel electrophoresis uses an _________ _______ to propel DNA fragments through the gel.
Electric current
Gel electrophoresis uses an _______ gel.
Agarose
Smaller DNA fragments move ______ than larger ones, so they are found closer to the ________ of the gel.
Faster; bottom
The slots at the top of the agarose gel where DNA is placed are called ______.
Wells
The wells are placed on the same end of the agarose gel where the ________ electric charge is flowing.
Negative
