Macromolecules Flashcards
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called?
Monosaccharides
Starch cellulose and glycogen are all
Polymers
This type of macromolecule stores and communicates genetic information
Nucleic acid
Water is very good at dissolving other substances which is why it is often called the
Universal solvent
What is monomer of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Water is able to moderate temperatures so well because of its high
Specific heat
At what level of protein structure do you find the alpha helix and pleated sheets
Secondary
Name two groups attached to the central carbon of an amino acid
Amino group and carboxylic acid group
Another name commonly used for glucose
Dextrose
Fiber is another term we could use for which carbohydrate
Cellulose
What causes water to have such a strong surface tension
Hydrogen bonds
Two amino acids joined together using which type of bond
Peptide bond
What is the main function of carbohydrates in humans
Energy
Stores energy and act as a barrier such as in cell membranes
Lipids
This macromolecule is vital in the transport of substances speeding up reactions structural support and transmitting signals
Protein
How many carbon hydrogen and oxygen what do you need to make a glucose molecule
C6 H12 06
Which polysaccharide provide structural support in plants
Cellulose
How many protons does oxygen have
Eight
The fact that water has a bent shape and has positive and negative regions makes water a blank molecule
Polar
What specific type of protein help speed up reactions in biological processes
Enzymes
The ability of water to clean to other substances other than itself is known as
Adhesion
What components make up a triglyceride
Three fatty acids and glycerol
The basic building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
In order to make a fatty acid unsaturated you must remove
Hydrogen
What is the ratio that carbohydrates usually follow
1:2:1
Glucose is a monomer for what type of macromolecule
Carbohydrate
What other simple sugars has the same chemical formula as glucose
fructose and galactose
Simple sugars like glucose are called
Monosaccharides
Where is each type of polysaccharide found
Starch in plants energy
glycogen in animals cellulose in plants structure
What is dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule
Glycine is what type of monomer
Amino acid
Name the four things attached to the center carbon in all amino acids
Hydrogen amino group carboxylic acid group side chain
How many amino acids exist
20
What element is found in amino acid that isn’t found in simple sugars like glucose or fructose
Nitrogen
Amino acids joined together to make what type of macromolecule
Pro Tien
Glycerone is one of two molecules that make up a monomer known as
Triglycerides
Glycerol and other organic compounds with an OL ending or called
Neutral fat
Triglycerides are the monitors for what type of macromolecule
Lipids
Give three types of lipids and their function
neutral fats fuel for animals sterols
Phospholipids
Fatty acids are made up of long chains of carbon Adams with attached
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms
How many bonds does each carbon have
Four
How many bonds does each hydrogen have
One
What three elements make up fatty acids
Oxygen hydrogen carbon
Cytisine is an example of a nitrogen base found on
Nucleic acids
Name the two nucleic acids found in organisms
DNA and RNA
Name the four elements making up cytosine
Nitrogen hydrogen oxygen carbon
What nitrogen base is found on RNA but not DNA
Uracil
What function do nucleic acid serve
Store and communicate genetic information
