macromolecules Flashcards
protein
- the protein is a greek word, called PROTEIOS meaning “ prime importance”.
- a polymer of amino acid
- upon complete hydrolysis yeild amino acids
Albumin (simple protein)
“EXAMPLES”
Blood (serumbumin)
Milk (lactabumin)
Egg white (ovolbumin)
Lentils (legumelin)
Kidney beans (Phaeolin)
Wheat (leucosin)
“PROPERTIES”
Soluble in water and dilute salt solution
Precipitated by saturation with ammonium sulphate
solution
Coagulated by heating
Usually found in plant and animal tissue
globulin (simple protein)
“EXAMPLE”
Blood (serum globulin)
Muscle (myosin)
Potato (tubrin)
Brzil nut (excelsin)
Lentils (legumin)
Hemp (Edestin)
“PROPERTIES”
Sparingly soluble in water and in neutral solution
Precipitated by dilute ammonium sulfate and coagulated by heat
Distributed both in plant and animal tissue
glutenins (simple protein)
“EXAMPLES”
Wheat (glutenin)
Rice (oryzenin)
“SOURCES”
Insoluble in water and dilute salt solution
Soluble in dilute acids
Found in grains and cereals
histones (simple protein)
“EXAMPLE”
Thymus gland
Pancreas and nucleoproteins (nucleohistones)
“PROPERTIES”
Soluble in water, salt solution and dilute acids
Insoluble in ammonium hydroxide
Yield large amount of lysine and arginine; combined with nucleic acids within cells.
legumin and collagen (simple protein)
+nt throughout the animals body in the form of connective tissues and are abundant protein in animals
conjugated proteins
Those proteins which are attached or conjugated to some non-protein group which are called prosthetic group.
mucoprotein (conjugated)
“EXAMPLE”
Saliva (mucin)
Egg white (ovomucoid)
“PROPERTIES”
Proteins combined with amino sugar, sugar acids and sulfates
nucleoprotein (conjugated)
“EXAMPLE”
Cytoplasm of cells (ribonucleoprotien)
Nucleus of chromosomes
(deoxyribonucleo protein)
Virus and bacteriophages.
“PROPERTIES”
It contains nucleic acid, nitrogen and phosphorous
It is present in chromosomes and in all living forms as a combination of proteins with either DNA or RNA.
glycoprotein (conjugated)
“EXAMPLE”
Bone (osseomucoid), tendons (tendomucoid) and cartilage (chondromucoid)
“PROPERTIES”
Containing more than 4% hexosamine, mucoproteins
If less than 4% then glyoprotein
Phosphoprotein (conjugated)
“EXAMPLE”
Milk (Casein)
Egg yolk (ovovitellin)
“PROPERTIESS”
Phosphoric acid joined in ester linkage to protein.
derived protein
derived from simple and conjugated protein
proteans (derived)
“EXAMPLE”
Edestan (from elastin)
Myosin (myosin)
“PROPERTIES”
Insoluble in water
It results from short action of acids or enzymes.
proteoses (derived)
“EXAMPLE”
Intermediate products of protein digestion.
“PROPERTIES”
Soluble in water
Not coagulated by heat
Precipitated by saturated ammonium sulfate
Result from partial digestion of protein by pepsin or trypsin
peptones (derived)
“EXAMPLE”
Intermediate product of protein digestion.
“PROPERTIES”
Same property as that of proteases except they cannot be salted out
Smaller molecular weight than proteases
Two or more amino acids joined by a peptide linkage
Hydrolyzed to individual amino acids
