Macromolecules Flashcards
building blocks of life; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
macromolecule
is the study of compounds that contains bonds with the carbon atoms
organic chemistry
all living things contain the element _
carbon
can form millions of different large and complex structures; easily bond with other elements and each other; can form chains and rings; can form single, double, or triple bonds
carbon
large organic compound formed from hundreds or thousands of smaller molecules
macromolecules, biomolecules, organic molecules
small molecules that join together; links in a chain
monomers
when monomers join together, chain of monomers
polymers
macromolecules in living things are grouped based on their _
chemical composition
sugars and starches; usually colorless, soluble, and crystallized
carbohydrates
carbohydrates is composed of:
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
carbohydrates as monomer
monosaccharaides/simple sugar
carbohydrates as polymer
Disaccharides/ Polysaccharides
stores energy in animals, liver, and muscle cells
glycogen
stores energy in plants
starch
The _ of plants and bacteria are made up of carbohydrates
cell walls
the _ of insects, arthropods, and crustaceans are made up of carbohydrates
exoskeleton
a monosaccharide carbohydrate meaning blood sugar
glucose
a monosaccharide carbohydrate in fruits
fructose
builds cell walls for plants
cellulose
generally not soluble in water; aka fats, oils, waxes; composed carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
lipids
lipids as monomers
fatty acids and glycerol
lipids as polymers
fats, oil, waxes
lipids for energy storage
fats and oils
lipids for repelling water
waxes
lipids for repelling water
waxes
lipids for cortisol, sex hormones, and cholesterol
steroids
lipids for regulating and protecting cell homeostasis
phospholipids cell membrane
a polymer that makes up the cell membrane; they pair up to create a protective phospholipid layer
phospholipids
the most diverse macromolecule group; composed of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
proteins
all _ contain an amino group and carboxyl group; they are also proteins as monomer
amino acids
proteins as a polymer
polypeptide
control the rate of reactions
enzymes
regulate cell processes
hormones
defense against disease
antibodies
amino acids link together to form a _
polypeptide
a protein is built by one or more polypeptides that are formed by an _.
RNA
composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
nucleic acid
store and transmit hereditary or genetic information
DNA
protein synthesis
RNA
