Evolution

Question 1

any process of change through time

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

proposes that the simple forms of organisms gave rise to the present more complex forms of life

Answer 2

theory of organic evolution

Question 3

term used to describe the variety of life found on Earth and all the natural processes

Answer 3

biodiversity

Question 4

to develop and grow through a gradual process step by step

Answer 4

evolve

Question 5

theory that modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Answer 5

evolution

Question 6

two chimpanzee species in which humans are probably most closely related to

Answer 6

common chimpanzee, bonobo

Question 7

refers to the diversity within a species; the greater it is, the higher is the chance of a long term survival

Answer 7

genetic diversity

Question 8

diversity in the outwards appearance and behavior of individuals of the same species

Answer 8

phenotypic variation

Question 9

the well known birds studied by Charles Darwin about evolution

Answer 9

Galapagos finches

Question 10

species evolved along different paths from a common ancestor

Answer 10

divergence/ divergent evolution

Question 11

this hierarchy of relationship produces a treelike pattern, which implies a process of splitting and divergence from a common ancestor

Answer 11

modern scheme of classification

Question 12

the process or the state of adjusting or changing to become more suited to an environment; the trait as a result of the process

Answer 12

adaptation

Question 12

the process or the state of adjusting or changing to become more suited to an environment; the trait as a result of the process

Answer 12

adaptation

Question 13

allows organisms to hide from their predators by changing their colors in order to blend in

Answer 13

cryptic coloration

Question 14

has demonstrated that adaptations arise through selection acting on genetic variation

Answer 14

evolutionary biology

Question 15

the rapid diversification of one species into several different species

Answer 15

adaptive radiation

Question 16

modification of an ancestral species or structure, which was adapted to a particular way of life, into many diverse species or kinds of structures, each adapted to a different habitat

Answer 16

adaptive radiation

Question 17

walking leg

Answer 17

cursorial leg

Question 18

jumping leg

Answer 18

saltatorial

Question 19

digging leg

Answer 19

fossorial leg

Question 20

swimming leg

Answer 20

natatorial

Question 21

grasping leg

Answer 21

raptorial leg

Question 22

found mineralized remains or impression of organisms which lived millions of years ago

Answer 22

fossils

Question 23

estimated age of the earth

Answer 23

4.5 billion years

Question 24

earliest bacterial fossils

Answer 24

3.5 billion years old

Question 25

show a diverse assemblage of multicellular animals

Answer 25

fossils from the Cambrian period

Question 26

results from changes overtime in the genetic constitution of species

Answer 26

biological evolution

Question 27

it ensures that only the traits that help a species survive and reproduce get passed on to future generation

Answer 27

natural section

Question 28

arises through two processes, mutation and recombination

Answer 28

genetic variation

Question 29

occurs when DNA is imperfectly copied during replication, leading to a difference between a parent’s gene and that of its offspring

Answer 29

mutation

Question 30

occurs when genes from two parents are recombined to produce an offspring

Answer 30

recombination

Question 31

refers to random fluctuations in gene frequency and its effects are usually seen at the level of DNA

Answer 31

Genetic Drift

Question 32

discovered the principle of natural selection

Answer 32

Charles Darwin

Question 33

is the divergence of a distinct species from one ancestor and can no longer interbreed

Answer 33

speciation

Question 34

the ultimate source of variation

Answer 34

mutation

Question 35

individuals or gametes move from one population to another

Answer 35

gene flow

Question 36

it does not alter allele frequency but changes the proportion of heterozygotes

Answer 36

nonrandom mating

Question 37

most observed evidence of evolution

Answer 37

fossils

Question 38

study of the distribution of plants and animals over Earth’s surface; living organisms arose in areas where similar forms once lived

Answer 38

biogeography

Question 39

genetic evidence shows that the DNA profiles evolutionary relationships among species

Answer 39

DNA sequence

Question 40

the study of similarities and differences in the structure of living organisms and can be used to determine evolutionary relatedness

Answer 40

comparative anatomy

Question 41

similar structures in organisms with shared ancestry; derived from the same common ancestor but may not have the same function

Answer 41

homologous structures

Question 42

similar structures in organisms without shared ancestry; evolved independently to serve the same purpose

Answer 42

analogous structures

Question 43

occurs when different organisms adapt to the same environment

Answer 43

convergent evolution

Question 44

organisms that are different in their mature stages show distinct similarities in their early patterns or early embryonic developmental stages

Answer 44

comparative embryology

Question 45

organs that have no function

Answer 45

vestigial structures