Macroeconomics Y11 Topic 1: Macroeconomic Objectives - Economic Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Economic Growth?

A

% Increase in real GDP economy over a period of time

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2
Q

GDP?

A

GDP is the total value of output of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time

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3
Q

Nominal GDP?

A

The value of goods and services produced by a country in a given period of time

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4
Q

Real GDP?

A

The value of goods and services produced by a country, having been adjusted for inflation

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5
Q

GDP per Capita?

A

Total Value of output produced in an economy over a period of time which is adjusted for inflation and expressed per head of population

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6
Q

Total Growth in GDP

A

The % change in the value of GDP over a period of time

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7
Q

Economic Cycle?

A

Periods of time where economic growth fluctuates.

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8
Q

Booms?

A

Peak of economic cycle where GPD is growing at its fastest

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9
Q

Downturn?

A

Period in the economic cycle where GDP grows, but more slowly

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10
Q

Recession?

A

Period of temporary economic decline which is identified by a fall in GDP for 2 consecutive quarters

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11
Q

Recovery?

A

Period in the economic cycle where GDP starts to rise again. Businesses and consumers regain their confidence and economic activity is on the increase.

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12
Q

Aggregate Demand?

A

Total demand in the economy

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13
Q

Aggregate Supply?

A

Total amount of goods and services produced in a country at a given price level over a period of time

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14
Q

Inflation?

A

The sustained increase in the average price level of goods and services in an economy in a given period of time

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15
Q

Overheat?

A

When demand is rising too fast causing rpices to rise, a situation that governments might try to rectify by raising taxes or when the central bank might try raising interest rates to curb demand

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16
Q

Unsustainable Growth?

A

Economic Growth that is not possible to sustain without causing environmental problems

17
Q

Human Capital?

A

Refers to the level of skill and education of the workforce

18
Q

National income?

A

The value of all income in the economy added together and included income wages, profits, dividends, interest and other income earned from abroad

19
Q

What happens when Economies grow over time?

A

The amount of goods and services provided by a country increases each year. This means that National Incomes will rise.

20
Q

What does it mean when the percentage change in real GDP is greater than 0?

A

Economy is Growing

21
Q

If the percentage in real GDP is less than 0?

A

The economy is shrinking

22
Q

How is GDP measured?

A

Output Measure - Total Value of the goods and services produced by all sectors of the economy

Expenditure Measure- The Value of the goods and services brought by households and by government, investement in machinery and buildings

Income Measure- the Value of income generated mostly in terms of profits and wages

23
Q

What is GDP used for?

A

Settling Interest Rates- If prices are rising too fast, the bank could increase interest rates to try and control them

Planning Economic Policy - If Economy is Shrinking the amount the gov. gets from taxes decreases

Compare Growth between different countries

24
Q

Limitations of GDP?

A

Hidden Economy –> Doesn’t capture Unpaid Work in official figures (caring for an elderly relative)

Inequality- GDP doesn’t tell us how income is split across a population. A rising GDP could result from the richest segment getting richer

GDP doesn’t mean higher standards of living (GDP often will increase in war due to increased spending)

Doesnt take into account well being

25
Q

What other Limitations are there of using GDP as a measure of economic growth?

A
Inflation
Population Changes
Statistical Errors
Home Produced Goods
Hidden Economy
External Costs
26
Q

Why is Inflation a limitation to using GDP as a measure of Economic Growth?

A

Inflation can make it appear that GDP has risen when actually it might not have

27
Q

Why are Population Changes a limitation to using GDP as a measure if Economic Growth?

A

An Increase In Population –> Increase Demand and Increased Workforce etc: –> Higher GDP

Doesn’t tell u the standrads of living in the country

28
Q

Why are Home Produced Goods a limitation to using GDP as a measure of Economic Growth?

A

Some goods and services are not Traded and therefore there is no record of these transactions taking place. National income will be understated

29
Q

Why is the Hidden Economy a limitation to using GDP as a measure of Economic Growth?

A

GDP figures become innacurate

30
Q

Why is External Costs a limitation to use GDP as a measure of Economic Growth?

A

Combustion of fossil fuels –> Good for economy

Bad for the environment

31
Q

What happens when their is Economic Boom?

A
High Confidence
Increasing Income
Increasing Spendng/ Demand
Low Unemployment
High Inflation 
High Profits
High Investment
32
Q

What happens during Recession?

A
Low Confidence
Low Spending
Low Income
Low Business Profit
High Unemployment
Low SoL
High Bankruptcies
33
Q

What happens during Downturn?

A
Falling Confidence
Falling Spending
Income and Unemployment Rising at a slower rate
Falling Inflation
Investment Rising at a slower rate