Macro/Research Flashcards
In psychosocial assessment, the individual’s degree of dependability and consistency; in social research, the dependability and consistency of scores on a test that is repeated over time with the same group.
Reliability
The prejudgment and negative treatment of people based on identifiable characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or ethnicity.
Discrimination
Stereotyping and generalizing about people, usually negative, because of their genetic background; an ideology that a group’s genetic physical characteristics are linked in a direct causal way to psychological, intellectual, or behavioral traits and these distinguish superior and inferior groups.
Racism
A combination of elements with mutual reciprocity and identifiable boundaries that form a complex or unitary whole; may be physical and mechanical, living and social, or a combination of these.
Systems
Actions taken to keep conditions known to result in disease or social problems from occurring.
Primary Prevention
An alliance of individuals and ideological groups to
achieve a specific goal or address a single issue or social problem; The group is expected to disband once the goals are reached.
Ad Hoc Agency/Coalition
A problem-solving tool often used in social welfare
planning, administration, and community organization for assessing the degree of resistance or receptivity to a proposed change.
Force Field Analysis
An orientation or set of beliefs that holds that one’s culture, racial or ethnic group, or nationality is inherently superior to others.
Ethnocentrism
A diagram or graphic presentation is often used by group workers to display how members of the group feel about one another and how they tend to align themselves with some and against other members of the group or organization.
Sociogram
The activities of social workers to bring services and information about the availability of services to people in their home or usual environments.
Outreach
The customs, habits, skills, technology, arts, values,
ideology, science, religion, and political behavior of a group of people in a specific time period.
Culture
The adoption of an individual or group to the social patterns, behaviors, and values of others.
Acculturation
A system of moral principles and perceptions about right versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that is practiced by an individual, group, or profession.
Ethics
A situation that occurs when two or more moral values seem to be equally valid but contradictory and the individual is required to make the best possible choice from among them.
Ethical Dilemma
A belief about the supposed superiority or inferiority of individuals, groups, or nations based on their ethnic affiliations.
Cultural Bias
A pattern of antisocial behavior by people younger than age 18 (or 21 in some jurisdictions) that would be regarded as criminal in nature if committed by adults.
Juvenile Delinquency
An organizational plan, social policy, or legal doctrine that specifies how many or what proportion of people of an identified status will be included in an identified group; may include or exclude people.
Quota System
A formal process of evaluating the type and amount of service offered and delivered to organizations to determine if those services are justified; This often occurs when funds for agencies are received from government bodies or other third-party groups.
Utilization Review
Those individuals or groups who have a greater
probability of being harmed by specific social,
environmental, or health problems than the population as a whole.
Vulnerable Population
A criminal justice procedure permits convicted law violators to leave a correctional facility or other institution to go to their jobs and return to the facility immediately after work.
Work Release
The view that public assistance and other social services are entitlements available to any of a nation’s citizens.
Welfare Rights
Persistent, intense, and unreasonable fear of strangers or foreign people.
Xenophobia
An organization or government’s explicit ruling that a specified intentional act will result in some sanction, including expulsion.
Zero Tolerance Policies
Privately funded and administered federated
organizations, usually with chapters or recreational
facilities in most communities with the purpose of helping young people achieve their developmental potentials.
Youth Service Organizations
The behaviors and personality characteristics that are attached to people because of their sex, often
inaccurately.
Gender Roles
An opinion about an individual, group, or phenomenon that is developed without proof or systematic evidence; usually negative.
Prejudice
Championing the rights of individuals or communities through direct intervention or through empowerment; is a basic obligation of the social work profession.
Advocacy
Systematic investigations that include inductive, in-depth, studies of individuals, groups, organizations, or communities; focus on the why and how of decision making to better understand human behavior.
Qualitative Research
This is a factor that can be varied or manipulated in an experiment.
Independent Variable
The degree to which an instrument measures the
characteristic being investigated.
Construct Validity
Systematic investigations that include descriptive or inferential statistical analysis.
Quantitative Research
Systematic research inquiries made without complete controls.
Quasi-Experimental Research
In social research, the concept concerned with the extent to which a procedure is able to measure the quality it is intended to measure.
Validity
The phenomenon or reaction to be tested or measured when a new stimulus, condition, or treatment is introduced.
Dependent Variable
The extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study.
External Validity
A questionnaire or other data-gathering instrument administered to a subject just before a period of inquiry provides a baseline for comparison with the end results.
Pretest
Research conducted under carefully controlled conditions, in which the subjects being investigated are randomly selected and systematically compared with control
groups, with treatment variables being introduced to the experimental group but not the control group, and the use of statistical analysis to determine if significant differences occur between the groups observed.
Experimental Study
A research procedure often used in clinical situations to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention; The behavior of an individual client is used as a comparison and a control.
Single-Subject Design
The degree to which different people give similar scores for the same observations; refers to the consistency of a measure.
Inter-Rater Reliability
The middle score.
Median
Repeated testing of the same phenomenon or group of subjects over an extended period.
Longitudinal Study
The extent to which the effects detected in a study are truly caused by the treatment or exposure in the study sample, rather than being due to other biasing effects of extraneous variables.
Internal Validity
A type of study design is used to explore or gain insights into a phenomenon.
Exploratory Study
The value that occurs most frequently.
Mode
The use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group.
Random Assignment
The process of searching published work to find out what is known about a research topic.
Literature Review
The average value or measure of central tendency.
Mean
A mutual relation; a pattern of variation between two phenomena in which change in one is associated with a change in the other.
Correlation
In research, a collection of subjects who are matched and compared with a control group in all relevant respects, except that they are also subject to a specific variable being tested.
Experimental Group
A statement that no relationship exists between study variables.
Null Hypothesis
A procedure for testing and validating a questionnaire or other instrument by administering it to a small group of respondents from the intended test population; The procedure helps determine whether the test items
possess the desired qualities of measurement and the ability to discriminate other problems before the instrument is put to widespread use.
Pilot Study
A questionnaire or other data-gathering instrument is administered to a subject at the end of a specific period of inquiry.
Posttest
