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HM-A > Macro and Micro > Flashcards

Macro and Micro Flashcards

1
Q

WTO

A

World Tourism Organizations
- Chief organization in tourism
- The only organization whose activities cover all sectors of tourism
- The primary aim of the WTO is to promote and develop tourism

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2
Q

(IUOTO)

A

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OFFICIAL TRAVEL ORGANIZATION
– a non- governmental technical body

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3
Q

ICAO

A

International civil aviation organization
- organization of around 134 governments establish
- promoting civil aviation

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3
Q

ICAO

A

International civil aviation organization
- organization of around 134 governments establish
- promoting civil aviation

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4
Q

IATA

A

International Air Transport Association
- was established in 1945 in HAVANA

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5
Q

OECD

A

THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
- WAS SET UP IN SIGNED IN PARIS

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6
Q

PATA

A

PACIFIC AIR TRAVEL ASSOCIATION
- WAS ORGANIZED IN HAWAII IN 1951

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7
Q

CTA

A

CARRIBEAN TOURISM ASSOCIATION
- WAS FOUNDED IN 1951 TO ENCOURAGE AND ASSIST

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8
Q

APEC

A

AIR-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION
- achieved official status as an international governmental organization

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9
Q

OAS

A

ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES
- STRENGTHEN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN AMERICAN STATES

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10
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

A
  1. WTO- WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION
  2. IUOTO- INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OFFICIAL TRAVEL ORGANIZATION
  3. ICAO- INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
  4. IATA- INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT TRAVEL ASSOCIATION
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11
Q

5 REGIONAL ORGANIZATION

A
  1. OECD-
  2. PATA
  3. CTA
  4. APEC
  5. OAS
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12
Q

6 NATIONAL ORGANIZATION

A

DOT
PTA
PCVC
IA
NPDC
NPF

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13
Q

-is the primary government agency

A

DOT -DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM in the PHILIPPINES

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14
Q
  • they implement policies and programs of the department to the development
A

PTA- PHILIPPINE TOURISM AUTHORITY
,

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15
Q

created under Executive Decree 867

A

PCVC- PHILIPPINE CONVENTION and VISITORS CORPORATION
- created under Executive Decree 867

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16
Q
  • WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1979
A

IA- INTRAMUROUS ADMINISTRATION

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17
Q

was created on January 14, 1963 by virtue of E.O

A

NPDC- NATIONAL PARKS DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

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18
Q

-was attached to the DOT in 1991 by virtue of E.O 497

A

NPF- NAYONG PILIPINO FOUNDATION

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19
Q

they have been established to bridge the gap between government and industry.

A

PROFESSIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

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20
Q

PROFESSIONAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS

A
  1. UNITED STATES TRAVEL DATA CENTER (USTDC)
  2. TRAVEL INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA (TIAA)
  3. TRAVEL AND TOURISM RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (TTRA)
  4. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF TRAVEL AGENTS (ASTA)
  5. UNIVERSAL FEDERATION OF TRAVEL AGENTS ASSOCIATION (UFTAA)
  6. WORLD ASSOCIATION for PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN TOURISM (WAPTT)
  7. COUNCIL on HOTEL, RESTAURANT, and INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATION (CHRIE)
  8. ASSOCIATION OF TRAVEL MARKETING EXECUTIVES (ATME)
  9. SOCIETY of TRAVEL and TOURISM EDUCATORS (SOTTE)
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21
Q

TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS in the PHILIPPINES

A

PTAA
HRAP
TESCU
COHREP
AAHRMEI

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22
Q

PTAA

A

PHILIPPINE TRAVEL AGENCIES ASSOCIATION
–was established in 1979. It aims to foster unity

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23
Q

HRAP

A

HOTEL and RESTAURANT ASSOCIATION of the PHILIPPINES
– was founded on September 12, 1952

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24
Q

TESCU

A

TOURISM EDUCATORS of SCHOOLS, COLLEGE, and UNIVERSITIES
– is a bona fide organization of Tourism Educators

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25
Q

COHREP

A

COUNCIL of HOTEL and RESTAURANT EDUCATORS of the PHILIPPINES
- is a bona fide organization of hotel and restaurant educators

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26
Q

(AAHRMEI)

A

ASSOCIATION of ADMINISTRATORS in HOSPITALITY, HOTEL and RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS INCORPORATED
- is envisioned to be an outstanding organization

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27
Q

MAJOR SUPPLY COMPONENTS OF TOURISM

A

a. Attraction
b. Transportation
c. Intermediaries including travel agency and tour operator
d. Food and Lodging

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28
Q

Organizational Structure of Hotel

A

A. Front Office
b. Housekeeping
c. Food and Beverage Management
d. Marketing and Sales

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29
Q

“Tourism supply is

A

complex phenomenon because of both the nature of the product and the process of delivery.

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30
Q

Key aspects of tourism supply:

A
  1. Tourist Attraction
  2. Transportation
  3. Accommodation
  4. Restaurant Business
  5. Other tourist facilities and services (e.g. Entertainment and souvenirs)
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31
Q

-a physical (natural or man-made) or cultural feature (shows & events)

A

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

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32
Q

are biological and geographical features created by God

A

Natural tourist attractions

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33
Q

Attractions are not necessarily purpose-built for tourism;

A

Artificial or Man-Made Attractions

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34
Q

Types of Man-made Attractions

A
  1. Theme Park - Manila Ocean Park is the first world-class marine theme park in the Philippines.
  2. Entertainment- Bayanihan Dance Troupe performs festival dances on different tourism venues.
  3. Theatre- Theatre and broadway shows become part of the tourist itinerary which attracts many tourists especially in the educational and cultural sectors.
  4. Casino- Casinos and gaming with highly exclusive slot machines for VIP clubs are located in major cities across the country.
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35
Q

Any device used to move an item or people from one point to another.

A

TRANSPORTATION SECTOR

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36
Q

Types of train services

A

are
Long Distance Train Services,
High-Speed Train Service,
Inter-city Train Service,
Branch Line Trains,
Commuter Trains,
Mass Transit System for Large city.

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37
Q
  • Any movement of goods and/or passengers using a road
A

Road Transport

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38
Q
  • is dominated by automobiles
A

Road transport- is dominated by automobiles

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39
Q
  • Many tourists prefer to travel in comfort and privacy using personal or hired cars
A

HIRED CARS

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40
Q

Cruise liners or cruise ships carry passengers who travel by sea for leisure and voyage purposes

A

Waterborne Transport

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41
Q

STYLES OF SHIP

A
  1. OCEAN LINER
    Epitome of the first Golden Age of cruising.
  2. CONTEMPORARY CRUISESHIP OR MEGASHIPS
    uniform/sized staterooms
  3. MASTED SAILING SHIP
    People who sail-on such ships want an experience of the old times,
  4. RIVERBOATS AND PADDLEWHEELER
    Designed for inland navigation on lakes, rivers, and artificial waterways.
  5. FERRIES
    Ferries provide an overnight or even multi day,
  6. MULTI-PURPOSE SHIP
    Some vessels, like those that sail the fjord-lined west coast of Norway,
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42
Q

Air Transport Services

A

Airlines are classified by their routes and by their schedules.

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43
Q

Major classifications OF AIRLINES

A

DOMESTIC AIRLINE
INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE

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44
Q

Air charter

A

the business of renting an entire aircraft as opposed to individual aircraft seats.

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45
Q

Full Service Network Carriers (FSNCs)

A

scheduled airlines with a business model

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46
Q

Low Cost Carrier (LCCs):

A

The Low Cost Carriers offer low prices for international and local flights

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47
Q

Scheduled Air Services

A

This service consists of air carriers that provide regular services on fixed time and frequency schedules.

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48
Q

Air taxis and Charter Operators

A

These air transportation companies that operate aircrafts-fixed or rotary wing- of different configurations for private charters.

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49
Q

Travel Trade Intermediaries

A

-TRAVEL AGENCY
-ONLINE TRAVEL AND TOUR AGENCY
-TOUR OPERATOR

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50
Q

Travel Agency

A

shall mean any person or entity engaged in the business

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51
Q

Online Travel and Tour Agency(OTA)

A

This pertains to any person or entity whose operation

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52
Q

Tour Operator

A

the entity that assembles and operates tour packages composed of two or more of the
following:
transportation service, accommodations and meals and tour guide or tour escort

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53
Q

Characteristics of a Tour Operator

A
  1. Wholesaler to travel agencies
  2. Intermediary of the travel suppliers
  3. Derives income from variable but limited profit margins
  4. Generate revenues by selling optional tours other tour products, excursions and extensions and processing documents for the clients.
54
Q

Package Tour

A

combination of two or more travel components

55
Q

Package Tour

A

It is a complete trip including transportation, meals, accommodations, activities, attractions, tour services etc.

56
Q

TYPE OF TOUR

A

INBOUND TOUR
OUTBOUND TOUR

57
Q

a tour of groups/individuals to the Philippines

A

INBOUND TOUR

58
Q

inbound Tour Operator’s

A

comes from foreign (outbound) tour operators at the origin country

59
Q

shall mean individual/groups outside the Philippines.

A

Outbound Tour

60
Q

Outbound Tour Operator

A

arranges and assembles tour packages for the residents

61
Q

described as the tour or residents of the Philippines within the country

A

local tour

62
Q

Tour Local Operator

A

comes from both local and foreign travelers visiting the local destinations

63
Q

Domestic Tour

A

involves residents of one country traveling only within that country.

64
Q

Domestic Tour Operator business

A

comes from the individuals, local associations, and schools, private and public organizations

65
Q

Travel and Tour Operation Agency

A

This is a primary tourism enterprise regularly engaged in both Tour Operator and Travel Agency services.

66
Q

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (Food & Accommodation)

A

It is a Service Industry that helps people to feel welcome

67
Q

Derived from the French word “hospice” that means to provide for the weary or to take care for those Traveling.

A

HOSPITALITY

68
Q

➔ built in 1788 with the cost of $17,500. First hotel with 6o beds.

A

Hotel de Henry IV

69
Q

The French Revolution

A

● During this time the course of culinary history was changed.

70
Q

➔ Georges Auguste Escoffier

A

❏ He was a French chef, restaurateur and culinary writer who popularized and updated traditional freanch methods.

71
Q

❏ Parisan soup maker who opened the first restaurant in 1765, and a Father of Modern Restaurant”.

A

➔ M. Boulanger

72
Q

Famous Spas

A

● Saratoga Springs – New York
● Spa at Baden - Germany
● Marienbad – Bohemia
● Vichy – France

73
Q

Famous Resorts

A

● French Rivera
● Homestead in Hot Springs
● Niagara Falls, the Canadian Horseshoe Falls
● Greenbrier, White Sulfur Spring Resort – West Virginia

74
Q

An English man who is considered as the “First Travel Agent”

A

Thomas Cook (1841)

75
Q

➔ Opened in Boston in the 19th century. The First Luxury Hotel that has the first toilets and private bedrooms with locks and door.

A

tremont hotel

76
Q

➔ He was a Swiss hotelier and founder of several hotels, most famously the Hôtel Ritz in Paris and The Ritz Hotel in London. His nickname was “king of hoteliers, and hotelier to kings.”

A

Cesar Ritz

77
Q

was the first luxury hotel in Britain, introducing electric lights throughout the building, electric lifts, bathrooms in most of the lavishly furnished rooms, constant hot and cold running water, and many other innovations. Carte hired manager César Ritz and French chef Auguste

A

savoy

78
Q

➔ Opened his first hotel in Buffalo, New York in 1970.

A

Ellsworth Milton Statler

79
Q

➔ He is considered as the “King of Innkeepers”. Opened his first hotel in Texas, The Mobley in

A

Conrad Hilton

80
Q

➔ Founder of the Marriott hotel chain.

A

John Willard Marriot Sr.

81
Q

➔ Founder of Holiday Inn. Opened the First Holiday Inn Motel in Memphis in 1952. Holiday Inn went international in 1960.

A

Kemmon Wilson

82
Q

➔ Invention of the automobile led the hotel industry into a booming business in the 2010s

A

Tourist Courts / Motel

83
Q

are coined from “motor hotel

A

Motels

84
Q

Motels with 15 cabins/rooms rented for a night were called

A

Tourist courts

85
Q

Opened in 1872 – 1923 and one of the nation’s top fine dining establishments

A

Delmonico’s in New York City

86
Q

was made available to masses.

A

Air travel

87
Q

20th Century Restaurants

A

● White Castle – 1921
● Howard Johnsons – 1927
● Marriott Hot Shoppe – 1927
● TGI Friday’s – 1965
● Chili’s – 1982

88
Q

became an integral part of the industry. Business travelers became the most important lodging guests.

A

Conventions and Conferences

89
Q

The Industry Today

A

Campgrounds
➔ Appeal to travelers who prefer to commune with nature on vacation.
Treetops
➔ Located in Africa, features rooms in a huge tree
Capsule Hotel, Kapuseru Hotel
➔ Hotel system in Japan of extremely dense occupancy.

90
Q

establishments play a significant role in the promotion of Hospitality business since they provide most of the services needed by tourist & travelers,

A

Hotels and accommodation

91
Q

RESORT CATEGORIZATION

A

● Beach Resort – along the seashore.
● Inland Resort – within the town proper.
● Island Resort – in a natural or man-made island within the internal waters of the Philippine Archipelago.
● Lakeside or Riverside Resort – along or near the bank of a lake or river.
● Mountain Resort – at or near a mountain or hill.
● Theme Parks - is a group of entertainment attractions, rides, and other events in a location for the enjoyment of large numbers of people

92
Q

SIX CATEGORIES OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENT

A

-HOTEL
RESORT
TOURIST INN
APARTEL
PENSION HOUSE
MOTEL

93
Q

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOTELS

A

A. ACCORDING TO SIZE

● Small – consist of 1-25 rooms
● Medium/Average – consist of 26-100 rooms
● Large/Above Average – consist of 101-300 rooms
● Very Large – consist of more than 300 rooms

94
Q

B. ACCORDING TO PLAN

A

● European Plan (EP)– a hotel rate that includes room only, no meals
● Continental Plan (CP)– includes room and continental breakfast
● American Plan (AP) – includes room and three meals a day
● Modified American Plan (MAP)/Demi Pension – includes room and 2 meals a day(breakfast and dinner)
● Bermuda Plan (BP) – includes room and American breakfast

95
Q

ACCORDING TO LOCATION

A

● Downtown/ Suburban Hotels – located at the heart of the city

● Transit Hotels – located near the port entry; sea ports, airports, bus terminal or railway station.

● Resort Hotels – located away from the city

● Motels or Motor Hotels – located on highways with moderate to modern facilities

96
Q

ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF STAY

A

● Residential Hotels – located anywhere in the city or suburban.
● Transit Hotels – Airport hotels, motels where guests stay in a short period of time.

97
Q

ACCORDING TO OWNERSHIP

A

● Independent Hotels – owned by independent ownership
● Management Contractual Agreement – a type of ownership where the hotel owner subcontracts
● Chain/Franchised Hotels – hotel is independently owned but it is affiliated to a chain.

98
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF HOTEL GUESTROOMS

A

A. ACCORDING TO NUMBER & TYPE OF BEDS
● Single Room – is a room with a single bed, occupied by one person.
● Twin Room – has two single beds, maybe occupied by one or two persons.
● Double Room – is equipped with one double or matrimonial bed, good for two persons.
● Double-Double – has two double or queen beds, occupied by two or more persons.
● Triple Room – is a room occupied by three people. It usually has one double bed and a rollaway bed or 2 single beds plus a rollaway bed.
● Quadruple Room – can be occupied by four people and may have two beds or more.
● Family Room – is a room with at least 1 double bed, with 1 or more single beds. It is designed to accommodate one small family.
● King Room – a room w/ king size bed, occupied by 1 or 2 people or 1 small family.
● Connecting Rooms – have two or more rooms with entrance doors from the outside and a door between them through which guests can get through each bedroom without going out of their rooms.

99
Q

ACCORDING TO PRICE & TYPE OF FACILITIES & AMENITIES

A

● Economy Room – a room designed for an economical rate, usually short of standard facilities like air- conditioned unit, television and other amenities.
● Standard Room – a room sold at moderate rate, equipped with standard facilities and amenities like air-conditioned unit, private toilet & bath with toiletries, a television, bed w/ complete linen, night table, etc.
● Deluxe or Enhanced Guestroom – is usually more spacious and more elegant in design than the standard room and is provided with more amenities that are more sophisticated or elegant. It is sold at a much higher rate than standard rooms.
● Suite – is a much larger room with superior amenities and facilities. The layout usually provides for a parlor or living room connected to 1 or more full size bedrooms.

100
Q

TYPES OF HOTEL SUITES

A

● Junior Suite – a room with a bed and a sitting area (usually a small lounge). There may be a small, separate bed, connected to the living room or parlor. It is also called a mini suite.
● Corner Suite – is a suite room that is located in the corner of the hotel building. It usually covers the same area that is occupied by two standard rooms.
● Penthouse Suite – a suite usually located on the penthouse or top floor of the building.
● Executive Suite – a suite designed for a top executive, with facilities and amenities of superior quality.
● Hospitality Suite – is more than a sleeping room. It is designed to include a function room or parlor for entertaining guest’s visitors.

101
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF GUEST ROOM BEDS

A

● Single Bed – a bed approximately 36 inches wide by 75 inches long.
● Double Bed – a bed that can accommodate a couple or two individuals. Is approximately 54 inches wide and 75 inches long.
● Queen Bed – an extra long , extra wide bed, about 60 by 80 inches in size.
● King Bed – an extra long, extra wide bed, about 78 inches wide and 80 inches long.
● Roll Away Bed – a portable bed, a folding bed.
● Pull Out Bed – bed that is inserted into a bed and pulled out when used. it is advisable for small rooms as it is space saving.
● Sofa Bed – is a couch that is convertible into a bed.

102
Q

TERMINOLOGIES USED TO DESCRIBE VARIOUS TYPE OF GUESTS

A

◆ Very Important Person (VIP) – refers to a well renowned guest like a high ranking official or an executive who warrants special treatment and handling.
◆ Very, Very Important Person (VVIP) – is a highly renowned person who deserves extra special treatment.
◆ Free Independent Traveler (FIT) or Foreign Individual Tourist – refers to a tourist or a traveler who is traveling alone or is not w/ any tour group.
◆ Joiner – is a person joining another guest in the same room.

103
Q

HOTEL RATING SYSTEM

A

● ONE STAR HOTELS
➔ Low budget hotels, inexpensive, may not have housekeeping or room service.
● TWO STAR HOTELS
➔ Budget hotels, slightly more expensive, usually have housekeeping service.
● THREE STAR HOTELS
➔ Middle class hotels, moderately priced, has daily housekeeping service, room service & may have a dry cleaning, internet access & swimming pool.
● FOUR STAR HOTELS
➔ First class hotels, expensive by middle class standards, have all of the previously mentioned services, and have many luxury services (ex. Massage or a health spa).
● FIVE STAR HOTELS
➔ Luxury hotels, most expensive hotels/resorts in the world, numerous extra amenities to enhance the quality of the client’s stay (some have private golf courses & even a small private airport).
● SIX – SEVEN STAR HOTELS
➔ A level beyond luxury, with comforts beyond the wildest dreams of what was possible in a five star.

104
Q

HOTEL OPERATIONAL CYCLE

A
  1. PRE-ARRIVAL PHASE
    ➔ Guest contact occurs prior to the guest’s arrival in the hotel.
  2. ARRIVAL PHASE
    ➔ The first direct contact occurs in this place. Here, guests are welcomed to the hotel.
  3. IN-STAY (DURATION)
    ➔ This phase focuses on tasks performed in the entire duration of the guest’s stay.
  4. DEPARTURE
    ➔ The hotel prepares all necessary requirements to a guest’s checkout from the property.
  5. POST DEPARTURE
    ➔ Upon guest departure, the hotel checks any lost items by the guest.
105
Q

THREE (3) MAIN DIVISIONS IN HOTEL ORGANIZATION

A

Room division
Food and beverage division
Administrative division

106
Q

w/c handles all matters pertaining to room accommodation and maintenance

A

ROOMS DIVISION

107
Q

➢ Uniformed Services

A

● Bell Attendants: Ensure baggage service between the lobby area and guestrooms
● Door Attendants: Ensure baggage service and traffic control at hotel entrance(s)
● Valet Parking Attendants: Ensure parking services for guest’s automobiles
● Transportation Personnel: Ensure transportation services for guests from and to the hotel
● Concierge: Assists guests by making restaurant reservations, arranging for transportation, and getting tickets for theater, sporting, or any other special events

108
Q

w/c is concerned with food preparation and service.

A

❖ FOOD & BEVERAGE DIVISION .

109
Q

● Are the areas in a hotel where food and beverages are sold to. both in-house and outside guests.

A

➢ Food Outlets – Restaurants and Bars

110
Q

is a hotel service enabling guests to choose items of food and drink for delivery to their hotel room for consumption.

A

➢ Room Service

111
Q

handles all special food events at a hotel.

A

➢ Banquets & Catering

112
Q

● The main functions of a kitchen are to store, prepare and cook food (and to complete related tasks such as dishwashing).

A

Kitchen

113
Q

is more concerned w/ administrative and office matters.

A

❖ ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION –

114
Q

● Some of the duties of the human resources division are listed below:

A

a) Responsible for external & internal recruitment
b) Calculates employees’ salaries, compensation, and tax withholding…
c) Administrates employees’ paperwork, monitors attendance…
d) Maintains good relations with Labor Unions
e) Ensures employees’ safety and working conditions

115
Q

This very department maintains the property’s structure and grounds as well as electrical and mechanical equipment.

A

➢ Engineering or Facilities Maintenance

116
Q

personnel are usually screened from in-house personnel, security officers or retired police officers, across certain physical skills, and prior experience.

A

➢ Security Office

117
Q

● Some of the functions of the security division are listed below:

A

a) Patrols the property
b) Monitors supervision equipment
c) Ensures safety and security of guests, visitors, and employees

118
Q

monitors the financial activities of the property

A

Accounting

119
Q

include interviewing salespeople, placing orders for goods needed by all hotel departments, keeping records of all purchases and payments

A

Purchasing

120
Q

Two Major Classification of Hotel Division

A
  1. Front of the House – they are at the frontline and situated in guest contact areas. Most of their service personnel are directly dealing with guests. They are directly involved in operations and service delivery.
  2. Back of the House – they are behind the scene, meaning they are not in the guest contact area and most of their personnel are not dealing w/ guests.
121
Q

are not exclusively economic phenomena, it also involves other aspects such as social, cultural, political and environmental.

A

Tourism and Hospitality

122
Q

derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin word “colore”

A

Culture

123
Q

is the subset of tourism concerned with a traveler’s engagement with a country or region’s culture,

A

Cultural Tourism

124
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF CULTURAL TOURISM

A
  1. Culture clash.
  2. The commercialization of a culture may detract the tradition.
  3. Assimilation.
  4. Loss of cultural integrity.
  5. Exploitation of cultural resources.
  6. Culture Shock.
125
Q

2 major concepts in sociology and deal with the change in people.

A

Assimilation and acculturation

126
Q
  • the process by which a person or a group’s language and/or culture become similar to another culture or language.
  • people adopt the new culture and lose their original features.
A

Assimilation

127
Q

-the exchange of cultural features that results when different groups come into continuous firsthand contact.
-people retain their original cultural features while adapting to the new culture.

A

acculturation

128
Q

CULTURAL FACTORS WITH TOURIST APPEAL

A

art- includes performing arts and fine arts which exemplifies culture and aesthetic beauty

music and dance - dance and music have played a remarkable role to attract tourists

handicrafts- sustain the relevance of our very own culture and tradition throughout generations

industry business- Tourist desired destinations include industrial sites peculiar to a particular location

agriculture- rich source of enjoyment and satisfaction to a large segment of tourists.

education- The campuses of colleges and universities of a country become landmarks of history and create appeal to the tourists.

literature and language - deals with places and events from fictional texts as well as the lives of their authors

science - Tourists are fond of exploring scientific activities of a country

government- Countries differ in their systems of government

religion- The religious tour is one of the most popular activities for the religious devotees

food and drink - Food enthusiasts that enjoy exploring new destinations can indulge in the best of both worlds

history - One of the motivations of tourists to travel is to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past.

129
Q

DIRECT AND SECONDARY EFFECTS

A
  • Direct is defined as income is received directly.
  • Indirect or secondary effects refers to the money paid by the tourists to businesses
130
Q

involves meeting of people who do not normally meet, confrontation of different cultures, ethnic groups, lifestyle, languages, levels of prosperity and the like.

A

Social Tourism

131
Q

Types of tourists in terms of motivation and behavior

A
  1. Hard Eco tourists - prefer physical active and challenging experiences
  2. Soft Eco tourists- prefer experiences that are less taxing and supported by accommodation,
132
Q

UNWTO defines Sustainable tourism as

A

“tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of Visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities”. (UNEP & UNWTO, 2005:24)

HM-A (2 decks)

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