macOS Core Competencies Flashcards
What configuration is required during the macOS Setup Assistant to complete activation?
WiFi
Which Apple services can be used with Automated Device Enrollment in order to manager and skip Setup Assistant steps?
Apple School / Business Manager
What is contained in the Dock?
Frequently used Apps and Folders
How can content be added to the Dock?
Apps and folders can be dragged into the dock
What are some ways Spotlight can be used?
Math, Search the web, find and open files and apps
Where can system memory information be found?
Apple menu > About this Mac > Overview
System Information > Hardware > Memory
Where can available hard drive storage be found?
Apple menu > About this Mac > Storage
System Information > Hardware > Storage
What are some different ways to open System Preferences?
Apple Menu, Dock, Spotlight
Where would users change their user account password?
System Preferences > Users & Groups
Why add an additional volume to an APFS container? Which application can accomplish this task?
So that free space can be better allocated between volumes in the container
Disk Utility
Which domain has directories containing apps and preferences shared by all users on a Mac?
The Local Domain
What prevents users from modifying the System directory?
System Integrity Prevention
How do you move status icons in the menu bar?
Press and hold the option key and then drag the icon to the desired location
What are the two views in the Notification Center?
Today and Notifications view
What information is displayed in About this Mac?
- An overview of the OS and hardware information
- Built-in display and any external displays
- Storage information: how much free space and what current space is being used for
- Support and Service options
What is the function of a partition map (scheme)?
Sets the rules for how partitions function
What are some limitations of HFS+?
Can’t share free space and only supports one volume per partition
For what can an APFS Volume be used?
Another bootable OS or encrypted storage
Can free space be shared in APFS?
Yes
What is different in Catalina related to the user’s information?
The OS is stored in Macintosh HD (RO volume) and user data is stored in Macintosh HD - Data
What are the three domains on a Mac?
Local Domain, User Domain, System Domain
Which domain contains the software installed by Apple?
The System Domain
Which domain contains files and preferences specific to each user?
The User Domain
Where can Apps, reviewed and approved by Apple, be obtained?
The App Store
What is required to download an app from the Mac App Store?
An Apple ID
What are some ways an app can be deleted?
Drag and Drop into the Trash
Hold the option key in Launchpad or force touch an app until it wiggles. Then, click the x
What is an application?
A group of files that work together to perform a specific task
What is App Notarization?
A process that apps on the internet must go through with Apple to check for maliciousness
Every app must be notarized if it is not from the Mac App Store
What does the .plist file extension stand for?
Property List
How to property list files impact the user experience?
They contain the preferences for apps
Why is it important for IT administrators to make sense of property list files?
So that the preferences can be controlled by the administrators
What is the process that caches information in RAM before writing to plist files?
cfprefssd
What does cfprefsd prevent?
unnecessarily high amounts of writes to the disk
Where is the Terminal app located on macOS?
/Applications/Utilities/
What command provides the manual pages for a command?
man [command]
What would be entered into the terminal app to open the ‘change directory’ help documentation
man cd
What is the default interpreter on Catalina?
zsh
What was the default interpreter before Catalina and for users that upgraded to Catalina?
sh
What is the structure of a command?
Command Options Argument
ls -l /Documents
What is an option in a command?
it changes the way a command is performed and is preceded by a hyphen
What is an argument in a command?
It indicates what to perform the command’s actions on
How do you search a man page?
type /[search term]
What command would provide the location of a command?
which
What command prints the absolute path for the current working directory?
pwd
What command changes directories?
cd
What does the . mean in the hidden files of a directory?
the current directory
What does the .. mean in the hidden files of a directory?
the parent directory
What command creates a directory?
mkdir
What command creates a file?
touch
What does the mv command do?
Renames or moves a file
What does the cp command do?
copies files
What does the rm command do? What is important to remember about it?
it completely deletes a file or directory
There is no undo
What does the / represent in the CLI?
the root directory
What does the ~ represent in the CLI?
the user’s home directory
What five things can the open command do?
open files (open file.txt), directories (open ~/Desktop/folder/), applications (open -a Spotify), open files with a specific application (open -a Preview ~/Path/to/file.pdf), and websites (open -a https://apple.com)
What command executes commands as root?
sudo
What command tests network connectivity?
ping
What shortcut moves the insertion point to the beginning of the command? the end?
control + a
control + e
What shortcut moves the insertion point back one work? forward? anywhere?
option + ←
option + →
press and hold option + click desired point
What does the control + c shortcut do?
abort
What shortcut executes the previous command?
!!
What do the ↓ and ↑ shortcuts do?
cycle through previous commands
Which key can be used to complete directory and file names?
tab
What is an easy way to get the absolute path of a file or directory in terminal without tab completion?
drag and drop into the terminal window
Why create a script?
to automate processes, complete a set of manual actions in the same way every time, or extend the functionality of Jamf Pro
What character informs the shell to ignore text in a script?
#
How can a script be run within the Terminal app?
zsh /path/to/script.zsh
./script.sh
What is the purpose of the sleep command?
to wait for an amount of time
Describe each part of the following command line interpreter: #!/bin/bash
# = hash ! = bang /bin/bash = path to interpreter
