Machines And +- Flashcards
Disadvantages of urine sampling (4)
- Observed collection can be seen as an infringement of privacy
- Difficult to interpret
- Mostly metabolites
- Easily adulterated
Advantages of Urine Sampling (5)
- Easy to collect and analyse
- Large volumes available
- Inexpensive
- Can be screened directly
- History of drug use can be seen
Advantages of Blood sampling (3)
- Indicates recent use
- Hard to adulterated
- Easily interpreted
Disadvantages of blood sampling (4)
- Requires trained personnel to collect
- Low concentrations of drugs
- Requires specialised lab
- Costly
Advantages of sweat sampling (2)
- Non-invasive
2. Easy to collect
Disadvantages of sweat sampling (3)
- Not widely used
- Expensive
- Difficult to interpret
Advantages of saliva sampling (4)
- Easy to collect
- Tested on site
- Hard to adulterate
- Recent use for non-smoked drugs
Disadvantages to saliva sampling (3)
- Limited sample size
- Can have low concentrations
- Complex to interpret
Advantages to hair sampling (4)
- History of drug use (several months)
- Stable for years
- Non-invasive
- Good for heavy metals
Disadvantages of hair sampling (4)
- Prone to contamination
- Expensive to analyse
- Hair has to have grown for 10 days after drug use for results to be seen
- Limited interpretation
What does Dille-Koppanyi test for and what colour does it turn?
- barbiturates
- purple
What does the Mandelin test test for and what colour does it turn?
- amphetamines
- yellow
What does the Marquis test test for and what colour does it turn? (2)
- Opiates
- purple
- Amphetamines
- Dark Purple to Yellow
What does the Meckes test test for and what colour does it turn?
- amphetamines
- methamphetamines
- Dark green to dark blue
HPLC (2)
- Sample injected onto silica column
- mix separated and components detected
GC (3)
- Sample injected onto capillary column
- column heated to release volatile compounds
- separated
MS (3)
- measures molecular mass
- molecules are ionised and magnetised or electrified
- each molecule has a characteristic decomposition pattern
Infra-red (2)
- powerful and sensitive
- ATR is good for solids and no sample prep is required
