Machinery Space Safety Page 55-60 Flashcards
- Define the term “enclosed space” (2)
(b) State three areas onboard a ship that would be designated as an enclosed space (6)
(c) 2. Describe the procedure for the entry into an enclosed space (8)
- Define the term “enclosed space” (2)
An area or space with limited entry and exit opportunities, not designed for human occupation where the
oxygen content may be less than 21% and the atmosphere uncertain and might have poor lighting and hard to
move inside
(b) State three areas onboard a ship that would be designated as an enclosed space (6)
• Anchor Chain locker
• Fuel Tanks
• Cofferdams
(c) 2. Describe the procedure for the entry into an enclosed space (8)
• Risk assessment carried out and a toolbox talk
• Competent person should be entering and aware of the correct procedure
• Space should be tested for oxygen content of a minimum 21%, and explosive fume content measured. The
space must be ventilated by an approved ventilation fan and trunk for a minimum of 24hours or 3 times air
volume exchange.
• All tools and equipment’s to be checked-catalogued and checked prior to entry. Suitable lighting and
standby lighting inside the space.
• Communication systems must be set up and tested with all persons involved, a backup means of
communication must also be established. An alarm and evacuation procedure must be set up and practiced
(enclosed space drill) prior to entry.
• Emergency equipment must be made ready in case of emergencies such as BA sets
• An emergency escape and rescue plan set up
• A competent officer must remain at the point of entry recording the persons within the space, times of
entry and work practices. The atmosphere must be tested during working operations and the forced
ventilation maintained at all times. Emergency and escape equipment must be readily available for immediate
use at the point of entry
- State the meaning of the term enclosed space (4)
(b) Explain the procedure for entry into a cofferdam, prior to inspection (12)
State the meaning of the term enclosed space (4)
A space with restricted or limited points of entry and exit, with an atmosphere that is questionable of its
condition, its oxygen level may be less than 21%
(b) Explain the procedure for entry into a cofferdam, prior to inspection (12)
• Following a through risk assessment, job brief and permit to work the space must be thoroughly force-
ventilated for a minimum of 24 hours
• All servicing pipelines to be sealed, locked and tagged
• The atmosphere within the space tested with a calibrated and approved atmosphere testing device the
space shall not be entered if the O2 is less than 21%
• Rescue equipment, standby lighting to be gathered and assembled for immediate use. An alarm and escape
procedure to be established and understood by all persons involved within and outside the space
• The communication systems set up and tested between all working parties, and persons in command.
• Ventilation should continue at all times, all persons within to wear personal O2 meters, H2S meters and be
familiar with their operation, the atmosphere should be test regularly during works
- State the safety checks needed before using each of the following lifting gears
a. Wire strops (2)
b. Chain blocks (2)
c. Eye bolts (2)
d. Shackles (2)
- State the safety checks needed before using each of the following lifting gears
a. Wire strops (2)
That the appliance has been tested, no visible signs of damage and is correctly rated no cuts or kinks and
ferules are intact.
b. Chain blocks (2)
Tested, operates in both directions, does not slip, no visible damage and is correct size no signs of corrosion
or any damage to hook.
c. Eye bolts (2)
Tested, threads not damaged and correct size, correct weight rating, no visible damage
d. Shackles (2)
Tested, of correct load rating, no visible damage. Securing pin fits main body of shackle.
- With reference to a steam heating coil in a fuel storage tank developing a leak
a. State how the leak is detected (2)
- With reference to a steam heating coil in a fuel storage tank developing a leak
b. State the immediate action to be taken when a leak is detected (2)
c. Explain how the leak may be traced (4)
- With reference to a steam heating coil in a fuel storage tank developing a leak
a. State how the leak is detected (2)
• Unstable temperature
• Rapid or progressive loss of boiler pressure
b. State the immediate action to be taken when a leak is detected (2)
• Inform the chief engineer
• Shut the steam heating coils
c. Explain how the leak may be traced (4)
• Systematically closing and opening steam heating returns
• Observing the hot well return window
• Oil sheen or oil within hot well
• Isolating steam supply and cracking open coil returns
- The steam heating coil, in a heavy fuel oil service tank has a suspected leak.
a. Explain how the fault may be detected (4)
b. Outline a safe tank preparation and entry procedure in order to effect a repair (4)
The steam heating coil, in a heavy fuel oil service tank has a suspected leak.
a. Explain how the fault may be detected (4)
• Excessive water accumulation within tank when drained than normal
• Progressive accelerated loss of boiler water
• Loss of steam pressure
• Correct heating temperature not attained, unstable or under-heating
b. Outline a safe tank preparation and entry procedure in order to effect a repair (4)
• The enclosed space procedure must be followed, atmosphere of at least 21% O2 within the tank, all
persons working briefed and drilled upon enclosed space procedures. Correct permit to work
completed, with all support personnel and equipment ready for use
• The tank must be ventilated and tested for hydrocarbon residues, and fumes vented and the tank
proved gas free
• Hot works permits must be fulfilled and the correct procedures carried out before, during and after
works
• Only approved methods of repair, and approved materials to be used
- Describe the routine checking of a compressed air breathing apparatus set and donning CABA set (14)
b) What means of control is used to monitor the working during CABA crew (2)
- Describe the routine checking of a compressed air breathing apparatus set and donning CABA set (14)
-Carry out take over routine before donning set. This consists of opening the main air valve to charge the system,
shutting the main air valve and checking any drop in pressure (320 bar)
-Inspect whole set for any damage to the straps, mask or cylinder
-Don the set placing the mask over the head, arms through the main straps & pulling tight, check the function of
the set
-Test for positive pressure, checking for any leaks, shut the main valve and inhale to run down the pressure,
check the whistle activates at 40 bar
-Turn valve on fully and procedure to BA control and check face seal
b) What means of control is used to monitor the working during CABA crew (2)
BA board
- State 4 features which assist in the starting of lifeboat engines in cold climate conditions.
b. Briefly describe 2 devices that control the rate of fall of a lifeboat when launched from standard davits. (Centrifugal
brakes, dead man breaks?)
State 4 features which assist in the starting of lifeboat engines in cold climate conditions.
• Preheaters
• batteries
• Specific fuel suitable for low temperatures
• Specific lubrication oil suitable for low temperatures
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b. Briefly describe 2 devices that control the rate of fall of a lifeboat when launched from standard davits. (Centrifugal
brakes, dead man breaks?)
Centrifugal break a safety mechanism on a hoist, crane, etc, that consists of revolving
brake shoes that are driven outwards by centrifugal force into contact
with a fixed brake drum when the rope drum revolves at excessive speed
The centrifugal brake is designed to brake harder the faster the boat is descending and maintain a constant, safe, rate
of descent
“Deadman’s Handle” type of Brake. This has a lever that has to be lifted to disengage the brake and allow the boat to
descend. The lever is fitted with a heavy weight that will pull the brake on if the handle is released.
By use of ratchets an Electric motor can hoist the boat up, while the brake will prevent it falling.
. Identify TWO types of portable fire extinguishers that may be used to fight fire in the following shipboard
areas:
a. The galley (2)
b. An accommodation space (2)
c. The machinery space control room (2)
d. The main electrical switchboard (2)
. Identify TWO types of portable fire extinguishers that may be used to fight fire in the following shipboard
areas:
a. The galley (2)
• Wet Chemical fire extinguisher
• Foam fire extinguisher
b. An accommodation space (2)
• Water Fire extinguisher
• Dry Powder Extinguisher
c. The machinery space control room (2)
• Dry Power Fire Extinguisher
• Foam Fire Extinguisher
d. The main electrical switchboard (2)
• CO2 Fire Extinguisher
• Vaporising Liquid Extinguisher
- With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified
a. With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified (4)
b. State with reasons, the type of fire extinguisher normally found in the engine control room (4)
c. List the actions to be taken prior to the operation of a bottled CO2 firefighting system (8)
- With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified
a. With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified (4)
When using Foam Fire extinguishers, aim the jet to the back of the source of fire building a thick blanket
of foam over it
b. State with reasons, the type of fire extinguisher normally found in the engine control room (4)
CO2 due to its ability to be used on live electrical equipment whilst being non-corrosive
c. List the actions to be taken prior to the operation of a bottled CO2 firefighting system (8)
• All persons to be evacuated and accounted for
• All fans, ventilators and flaps to be closed
• Emergency generator started and all fuel supplies and machinery turned off within machinery space
• With the machinery space seals, all persons accounted for and present the full quantity CO2 may be
released
With reference to contents and use, describe how a portable fire extinguisher is identified
10.
a. Name four types of portable fire extinguisher that may be found in the machinery space on-board ship
(8)
b. State the fire classifications, including the type of material involved with each (8)
10.
a. Name four types of portable fire extinguisher that may be found in the machinery space on-board ship
(8)
• Dry Powder
• Foam
• CO2
• Water
b. State the fire classifications, including the type of material involved with each (8)
• Class A Fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, trash or anything else that leaves an ash.
Water works best to extinguish a Class A fire.
• Class B Fires are fueled by flammable or combustible liquids, which include oil, gasoline, and other similar
materials. Smothering effects which deplete the oxygen supply work best to extinguish Class B fires.
• Class C Fires. Energized Electrical Fires are known as Class C fires. Always de-energize the circuit then use a
non-conductive extinguishing agent. Such as Carbon dioxide.
• Class D Fires are combustible metal fires. Magnesium and Titanium are the most common types of metal fires.
Once a metal ignites do not use water in an attempt to extinguish it. Only use a Dry Powder extinguishing agent.
Dry powder agents work by smothering and heat absorption.
• Class K Fires are fires that involve cooking oils, grease or animal fat and can be extinguished using Purple K, the
typical agent found in kitchen or galley extinguishers.
11.
a. Describe the maintenance required by portable, CO2 and DRY POWDER fire extinguishers (6)
b. Describe the procedure and the frequency of maintenance of the fire detection system (2)
c. Describe the routine and inspection of portable fire extinguishers found in machinery spaces (8)
11.
a. Describe the maintenance required by portable, CO2 and DRY POWDER fire extinguishers (6)
• Portable CO2 Extinguishers require a hydraulic pressure test to assess the condition of the main
“bottle.” As for checking their charge they are weighed using an approved scale, their weight should
not be less than 10% of that stated on the device. Hoses, horns, handles and valves are also checked
• Dry powder extinguishers are checked for correct charge pressure and weight. Hoses, handles and
valves are also checked for damage also the bottle for any dents or corrosion. Extended service
includes a full discharge test so that the medium may be replaced and the internal condition of the
extinguisher body assessed.
b. Describe the procedure and the frequency of maintenance of the fire detection system (2)
• Weekly, at least one manual-call-point break glass should be activated, as well as smoke and or heat
detectors. The same points should not be used each week, the number and location of detector or call
point should be logged and a sounder shall not operate for no longer than 10 seconds
c. Describe the routine and inspection of portable fire extinguishers found in machinery spaces (8)
• Monthly checks are carried out on apparatus
• Hoses are checked for tarnishing
• Extinguisher bodies are checked for damage
• The release mechanism is checked for damage
• The extinguishers are weighed or the gauge checked for correct quantity of fire fighting medium
• Three monthly checks see a selected fire extinguisher released proving operation
• Medium is checked and replaced annually or whenever in doubt of its condition
• Older powder extinguishers are rotated to ensure medium is free
Q12a Describe the immediate action that should be taken in the event of discovering a fire in the accommodation spaces,
whilst as sea. (8)
b) Briefly describe the organisation of the two emergency parties on board a ship. For each party define who is in
charge, the responsibility of each party and how the efforts of each party are co-ordinated. (8)
Q12a Describe the immediate action that should be taken in the event of discovering a fire in the accommodation spaces,
whilst as sea. (8)
-Sound the alarm, state the location of the fire, type of fire and any casualties
-Close all doors, windows and vents leading to the location of the fire
-Isolate the electrical supplies, mechanical ventilation system shutdown and dampers closed
-If possible use a portable fire extinguisher to attack the fire
b) Briefly describe the organisation of the two emergency parties on board a ship. For each party define who is in
charge, the responsibility of each party and how the efforts of each party are co-ordinated. (8)
-The Scene of incident officer (usually chief officer) will brief all parties and remain in command at the scene.
-Fire party, usually second engineer in-charge duties to extinguish and prevent the spread of fire
-Stand-by team, usually 2nd officer in-charge take care of survival craft and first aid incidents
Q13a List four different types of fire detector heads that may be fitted to the fire detection system. (4)
-Smoke detector
-Flame detector
-lonization chamber combustion products detectors
-Heat Sensor
b) Briefly describe the operation of three of the fire detector heads listed in part a). (12)
Smoke detector - Basically a smoke detector can be of two different types - photoelectric detector and in ionization
detector. A photoelectric detector usually consists of a sensor which has light falling on it from a source. If the light is
interrupted due to the presence of smoke then the alarm goes off.
Flame detector – Flame detectors work on the principle by responding to ultra-violet and infra-red radiation as these are
both given off when a flame occurs. They are normally fitted near fuel handling equipment and at boilers.
Heat sensor - The most usual detector nowadays operates on either a set temperature rise or a rate of temperature rise
being exceeded. Thus an increase in temperature occurring quickly could set off the alarm before the set temperature
was reached.
Q13a List four different types of fire detector heads that may be fitted to the fire detection system. (4)
-Smoke detector
-Flame detector
-lonization chamber combustion products detectors
-Heat Sensor
b) Briefly describe the operation of three of the fire detector heads listed in part a). (12)
Smoke detector - Basically a smoke detector can be of two different types - photoelectric detector and in ionization
detector. A photoelectric detector usually consists of a sensor which has light falling on it from a source. If the light is
interrupted due to the presence of smoke then the alarm goes off.
Flame detector – Flame detectors work on the principle by responding to ultra-violet and infra-red radiation as these are
both given off when a flame occurs. They are normally fitted near fuel handling equipment and at boilers.
Heat sensor - The most usual detector nowadays operates on either a set temperature rise or a rate of temperature rise
being exceeded. Thus an increase in temperature occurring quickly could set off the alarm before the set temperature
was reached.
Q14a Describe four classes of fire indicating which firefighting media should be used to extinguish each. (8)
b) State the document that indicates the location of the fire extinguishers on board a vessel. (2)
c) State three places where the document stated in (b) would be found. (6)
Q14a Describe four classes of fire indicating which firefighting media should be used to extinguish each. (8)
Class A – Wood, Paper etc. – Water/Dry Powder
Class B – Oil based fires – Foam/Dry Powder
Class C – Electrical/Live Fires – C02/Dry Powder
Class D – Dry fires such as magnesium & Titanium – Dry Powder
Class K – Kitchen/Galley fires such as cooking oil – Wet Chemical
b) State the document that indicates the location of the fire extinguishers on board a vessel. (2)
Ships Fire Plan
c) State three places where the document stated in (b) would be found. (6)
-Navigation Bridge
-Accommodation
-Engine Room
Q15 Describe the procedure and the frequency of the maintenance for the fire detection system.(2)
Q15 Describe the procedure and the frequency of the maintenance for the fire detection system.(2)
Weekly, at least one manual-call-point break glass should be activated, as well as smoke and or heat detectors. The same
points should not be used each week, the number and location of detector or call point should be logged and a sounder
shall not operate for no longer than 10 seconds.
Q16 In the event of having to flood the machinery spaces with Carbon Dioxide (CO2) because of a serious fire, list the
actions to be taken prior to the release of the gas.(8)
Q16 In the event of having to flood the machinery spaces with Carbon Dioxide (CO2) because of a serious fire, list the
actions to be taken prior to the release of the gas.(8)
-After permission from master, chief engineer the process may begin
-Start the emergency generator
-Evacuate all crew from machinery spaces, carry out a full and through head count of all persons and double check
-Close and seal all engine-room doors and openings
-Stop all running machinery within the space
-Isolate all fuel supplies
-Stop all forced ventilation and close the damper flaps
-Set up boundary cooling outside the engine-room space
-Only the chief engineer, master or highest remaining in-command may discharge the CO2 system
Q17a Explain the importance of regular fire drills (8)
b) Describe how a drill relating to a fire in a purifier room may be organised. (8)
Q17a Explain the importance of regular fire drills (8)
-All crew and personnel are
familiar with the location and operation of firefighting equipment reducing the likely-hood of
panic
-Procedures put in place actually work when put into action, standby systems also
-The plant functions as it should, the fire main functions with correct flow rates and pressures
-Crew can be educated in a “safer” situation rather than make mistakes in a real situation, whilst under pressure
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b) Describe how a drill relating to a fire in a purifier room may be organised. (8)
-Fire support parties such as closing parties, know their roles and positions of all fan controls and fire flaps
-The dangers associated with large quantities of fuel, the requirement for extra cooling and careful application of water
-The use of BA sets and teams, the possibility for extreme heat, structural damage and poor visibility
-Standby teams know how to replenish BA set bottles, foam solution and how to set up and
maintain a fire fighting foam supply
