MACHIAVELLI Flashcards
What are the three options a ruler has for governing cities or states that previously lived freely?
- Destroy the city completely—people will always remember their freedom and want it back.
- Live there personally—to manage any issues quickly.
- Let them keep their laws but set up a friendly local government.
- Machiavelli suggests that destroying the city is the safest way to ensure they do not rebel.
How can a prince gain power through his own skills and effort?
A prince who gains power through virtù (talent and ability) can maintain it easily, as they are better prepared to overcome difficulties. Examples include Moses, Cyrus, and Theseus, who overcame challenges through their strength and leadership.
How does Machiavelli describe gaining power by fortune or help from others?
Princes who gain power through fortuna (luck) or external support rise quickly but struggle to maintain power. Machiavelli uses Cesare Borgia as an example, stressing the need to build their own foundations, such as armies and alliances, to stay in power.
What does Machiavelli say about becoming a prince through cruelty or crime?
Cruelty can be well-used if it is quick and stabilizes power, but poorly used if it is excessive and leads to hatred. Agathocles of Syracuse is an example of using cruelty to gain and maintain power, but cruelty must be strategic.
How can a prince gain power through the support of the people or nobles?
A prince who gains power through support of the people finds it easier to rule, as the people want to avoid oppression. Nobles, however, may try to dominate or manipulate the prince, so balancing both groups’ interests is key to stability.
How should a prince rule over religious states?
Religious states, like the Papal States, are difficult to conquer but easy to maintain once in control. Religious authority is powerful and unchallenged, making it easier to govern since people are naturally inclined to follow.
What is the prince’s duty regarding war and military skills ?
A prince must always be prepared for war and make military matters his main focus. This includes not only going to war but also training, studying past battles, and being ready for any conflict to protect the state and maintain power.
What qualities should a prince exhibit to be praised or blamed ?
While being virtuous is ideal, a prince must sometimes act immorally to maintain power. The key is flexibility—acting against traditional virtues when necessary to secure power, as strict morality can lead to failure in a competitive political environment.
Should a prince be generous or stingy ?
Generosity can lead to financial problems and resentment if it results in high taxes. A prince should be cautious and frugal, spending money wisely to avoid draining resources and keeping his subjects content.
Is it better to be loved or feared?
Machiavelli argues it is safer to be feared than loved because fear is more reliable in maintaining power. However, fear should not turn into hatred, as that can lead to rebellion.
Should princes keep their promises?
A prince should not be bound by his word if keeping promises harms his power. Machiavelli advises rulers to be cunning like a fox and strong like a lion, knowing when to deceive and when to act honestly to maintain control.
How does a prince gain prestige?
A prince should undertake bold actions and large projects to inspire respect and admiration. Smart alliances and decisive actions demonstrate both virtù (skill and strength) and fairness, helping secure the prince’s rule.
What is the role of fortune in a prince’s success?
Fortuna (luck) plays a role in human affairs, but a prince can adapt to changes and take bold actions. Fortune favors those who are proactive and adaptable, allowing a prince to shape his destiny rather than be controlled by luck.
