AQUINAS Flashcards
How does Aquinas define law?
Law is a rational principle that guides behavior toward the common good, rooted in reason and the divine order established by God.
What is Natural Law according to Aquinas?
Natural law consists of universal moral principles inherent in human nature, reflecting human participation in God’s eternal law. It serves as the standard for judging the justice of human laws.
What is Eternal Law?
Eternal law is the divine wisdom that governs the universe, including both natural and physical laws. It is God’s plan for all creation, and humans participate in it through natural law and divine guidance.
What is Human Law according to Aquinas?
Human law is created by human authorities to govern society, applying the principles of natural law to specific situations. It must align with natural law to be just.
What is Divine Law according to Aquinas?
Divine law is revealed through scripture and offers guidance on matters beyond human reason, especially regarding salvation and moral perfection. It complements natural law where human reason is limited.
Why is Divine Law necessary?
Divine law is necessary because human reason is limited and cannot fully comprehend eternal law, especially concerning spiritual and moral matters.
What does Aquinas mean by “Law is an ordinance of reason for the common good”?
Laws must be rational, serve the common good, and be promulgated by those in charge of the community to guide behavior justly.
What role does reason play in Aquinas’ legal philosophy?
Laws must be based on reason and align with moral principles. Rationality ensures that laws are not arbitrary but are grounded in the nature of things, including human nature.
How does Aquinas view justice in relation to law?
Justice is achieved when laws align with God’s eternal law and serve the common good. True justice involves moral alignment with universal principles that respect human dignity and the moral order.
What happens if a human law contradicts natural law according to Aquinas?
If a human law contradicts natural law, it is unjust and not truly a law. In such cases, it does not bind individuals in conscience and may be disobeyed.
How does Aquinas see the relationship between natural law and human law?
Human law must apply and align with the principles of natural law. If human law deviates from natural law, it becomes unjust.
What is the role of spiritual authority according to Aquinas?
Spiritual authority guides individuals toward salvation and moral truth, focusing on eternal matters. It has a higher purpose than temporal authority.
What is the role of temporal authority in Aquinas’ view?
Temporal authority governs civil life, enforces laws, and ensures social order, but it must align with natural law and serve the common good. It is subordinate to spiritual authority.
How do spiritual and temporal authorities interact according to Aquinas?
They are complementary: temporal authority maintains earthly order, while spiritual authority directs people toward higher truths and salvation. Spiritual authority can guide and intervene when temporal rulers act against divine law.
