Macedon Flashcards
People
a) Ruled by Kings
b) Were “half-Greek”
c) Had a well-trained army
i) Due to fighting off barbarians
d) Phillip II
Macedon King)
i) 330 BC conquered a Greek army
(1) Took over the Greek world
ii) His son Alexander succeeded him
Alexander The Great
(2) Confirms control over Greek world
(3) Said he would take a Greek/Macedonian army against the Persians
(a) The battle of Arbela/Gaugamela
(i) Alexander took over the Persian empire
1. Furthermore, incorporated Egypt into his empire
(b) Lead troops all the way to India
(i) Army went on strike
1. They returned home
a. Alexander died in Babylon in his early 30’s
Post Alexander Empire
(4) Empire broke up
(a) 3 main parts survived
(i) Antigonus seized Greece and Macedon
(ii) Seleucus seized Mesopotamia
(iii) Ptolemy seized Egypt
f) Greek culture took root post-Alexander
i) A Greek ruling class emerged
ii) Many learned a minimum of Greek language
(1) Allowed for easier trade and movement up the “ranks”
g) Koine
i) Refers to the type of Greek and Greek language spoken after 300 BC
(1) Not the same as old Greek
ii) Was very different
(1) Poleis were no longer a thing
(2) Dictate culture emerged
h) Hellenic
was the Greek Era before 300 BC
i) Hellenistic
was the era post to Hellenic
i) Was called the silver age
ii) Some argue that the architecture during this time was better than the Hellenic as it was more complex
iii) The art style was also more complex
iv) Everything was “over the top”
v) Their works were based off previous works
Hellenistic Scientists
(1) Ptolemy (astronomer)
(2) Galen (medicinal)
(a) Both of their works went unchanged from 2nd century AD to 17th century AD
3 Blocks of Philosophy
i) Pre-Socratic
ii) Classical
iii) Hellenistic
k) Thales
i) Active during the first part of the 6th century BC
ii) A civil engineer
(1) Also, an applied mathematician
iii) First Greek to predict an eclipse
(1) Also, an astronomer
iv) Stated “Everything is Water”
(1) Has an implied question
(2) Gave a materialistic view on why things occurred on the earth
l) Pythagoras
i) Pythagorean form of philosophy was the mathematical relationship between things
ii) Pythagorean followers enjoyed mass
(1) Cleared their minds
(a) Allowed for focus
(2) Close relative today could be Zen-Buddhism
(3) Took over a polis and used it as an experimental grounds
(4) Liked to change and question society
a) Sophists
i) Derived from the Greek word for wisdom
ii) Wise-men
iii) Taught people how to be political
b) Socrates
i) Disliked Sophists
ii) People called him a philosopher
iii) Spent his life questioning young men and their choices
(1) Asked questions in response to questions
iv) Was interested in ethics
(1) Shifted the basis of philosophy
c) Plato
i) Pupil of Socrates
ii) Aristocratic background
iii) Traveled to seek out wise men
(1) Studied with Pythagoras for a bit
iv) Hated the democracy for making Socrates eventually kill himself
v) Made it clear in “The Republic” (a book he wrote) that ideas (idealism); that what we see is “fuzzy” and ideas are “pure and clear”
(1) Wrote about an “ideal polis”
(a) Would be like Sparta
(b) Population of 5040
(c) CASTE system
d) Aristotle
i) Pupil of Plato
ii) Did not know Socrates
(1) Therefore, had no bias towards the democracy
iii) Son of a doctor
iv) Started following Plato’s philosophy
(1) Moved on to his own
(a) Written in his book, “The Politics”
(b) Had a study team
(i) Asked questions and collected data
(ii) Compared separated poleis
(iii) Deduce poleis
(c) Did not see any government system as being pure/the best
(i) Believed a balanced one is better
1. A little bit of everything
2. The Golden Mean
