Franks, Chritianity and Popes

Question 1

Clovis

Answer 1

 King of Franks500 A.D.
 Converted to Christianity
 Greatest day in his life was when emperor of Byzantium gave him a Roman title

Question 2

Petrine Claim

Answer 2

 West is legally part of the Roman empire
 Byzantium= Christianitytoday = orthodox latin west
 Rome= Roman Catholic West
 Alexandria= Greek
 Antioc= orthodox
 Rome= Latin

Question 3

Double Martyrdom

Answer 3

 Dies for faith
 If martyrdom= the town was favoured by god
 Martyred Prince of peter and Saint Paul
 “god” favoured Rome

Question 4

Pope Leo I

Answer 4

	C. 450A.D.
	Rome was threatened by Huns
	Rides to Huns in North 
	Huns then resided back
	Leo Went and said to the Huns that they could take Rome, but a plague was happening

Question 5

600 A.D.

Answer 5

	Lumbards threatened Rome
	No emperor in West
	Byzantium was too far
	Gregory Pope
	Takes church money to buy supplies 
	Re-fix walls
	Creates Rome more defensive 
	Lumbards retreated 
	“god” on their side

Question 6

Monasticism

Answer 6

Monks
	Believed Christianity was getting soft
	Moved to East desert (like stylites)
	A lot of monks appeared
	Started to move West

Question 7

Benedict

Answer 7

	C.540 A.D.
	Wrote a book about Monks
	1/3 of monks’ life spent in pray
	1/3 of monks’ life spent in study 
	Remaining of monks’ life spent in agriculture labour  
	very balanced life 
	became the norm
	Benedictine rule

Question 8

Monte Cassino

Answer 8

 Monastery built by benedict  mother house for Benedictines
 Monastery= collection of monks
 Cultivated for community

Question 9

Gregory I

Answer 9

used the Benedictine rule to use the missionary force

Question 10

St. Augustine

Answer 10

	Two saints 
	590 A.D. and 400 A.D.
	(400) felt he needed to respond to Anti-Christianity thurst
	Wrote a book
	Born a pagan 
	Manicheism

Question 11

Manichaean

Answer 11

	Looked around 
	Good bits in Judaism and Christianity 
	Built himself a religion 
	His bedrock= Zaroastism
	Is dualism 
	Converted to Christianity 
	Brought some Manichaean 
	City of man=imperfection 
	City of god= perfection 
	Enters a wedge between man and god 
	Was the emperors rule really right?

Question 12

Gelasius

Answer 12

	490s A.D.
	Pope 
	In Rome 
	Appalled by emperors claim to follow the religion he wants 
	Wrote emperor

Question 13

Gregory II

Answer 13

	8th century 
	Pope in Rome 
	Emperor Byzantium Leo III
	Infuriated him 
	Also writes to the emperor 
	“we derive Authority by Apostle Prince Peter” 
	Leo II not a priest 
	Leo II claims he’s a priest 
	“Can’t be a priest because his mind is course and warlike”

Question 14

Filioque

Answer 14

 1054 A.D.
 Final break known as the Filioque dispute
 Changes crede
 Holy ghost derived from the father and the son
 Orthodox says can’t
 change crede with ecumenical meeting
 Catholic and orthodox separated

Question 15

a) Rois Faineants

Answer 15

i) The “do nothing kings”

ii) Kings of France

Question 16

b) 751 AD

Answer 16

i) Pivotal year in Western Civ
ii) Lombard’s took Ravenna
(1) Important place to the Byzantium
iii) De-facto Ruler of the Franks decided his time was done
(1) Power was given to the Mayor of the Palace
(a) Pepin was the mayor at that time
(i) Realized that this was his change to dispute the crown
1. Pope gave a green light to the Coup de ta
(ii) Pepin took control
1. New Dynasty
(iii) Boniface Crowned Pepin
1. He represented the pope
2. Was a leading missionary
3. Was a Benedictine Missionary
iv) Overall massive Dynasty shift

Question 17

c) Karl

Answer 17

i) Was Pepin’s son
(1) Carolus in Latin
ii) Was called Carolus Magnus/Charle Magne
(1) Karl the Great
iii) New dynasty called the Carolingian
(1) Starting with Pepin
iv) New connection between Northern France and Rome
v) Roncesvalles
(1) A mountain pass
(a) Rear guard of army was destroyed there by the Basks
(2) Gave rise to “The Song of Rolland”
(a) Was an epic
vi) Spanish March
(1) Was a border separating Christians and Muslims
(2) Located by the Pyrenees Mountains
(3) Small strip
vii) Avars
(1) Huns successors
(2) Very much war-driven
(3) Very rich from black mail
(4) Their power was broken by Charle Magne
viii) Charle Magne was a very successful warrior and expanded the French Territory
(1) Broke the Lombard’s
(2) He controlled West Europe
ix) Archen
(1) Charle wanted to make it his Capital
(a) Not enough resources though to support all the people
(2) Frankish territory never had a fixed a capital
x) Messi De Miniri
(1) Sent out by Charle
(2) Teams of 2
(a) One priest and one member of the court
(3) Collected news and delivered it to others
xi) Charle Established a Palace Scholl in Archen
died in 814 AD

Question 18

d) Alcuin

Answer 18

i) An English man
ii) Was attracted to the things Charle was doing
iii) He became a member of the court in the late 8th century

Question 19

e) Leo 3rd

Answer 19

i) Pope in the late 8th Century
ii) His enemies were out to get him in Rome
(1) Was arrested
(a) Escaped and fled to the Frankish Court
(i) Found Charle and begged for help
1. 800 AD Charle led an army to Rome
a. Leo was reinstated to his position
b. Christ-mass that year, three things happened
i. Midway through the mass, Pope Leo picked up a crown and placed it on Charles head
ii. Congregation bust out saying “Hail Charle Augustus!”
iii. Charle was Furious
c. Was thought to be arranged and rehearsed
d. Either Leo or Charle was thought to have planned this
e. Maybe Charle faked anger to mock modest
f. This started the “Holy Roman Empire”
i. 800 AD-1806 AD

Question 20

b) Primogeniture

Answer 20

i) Rule of the first-born
(1) Eldest child takes over
ii) Germain Kingdom did not do this
(1) Power was spread equally across offspring

Question 21

c) Charle heir

Answer 21

only had 1 heir

i) Louis the Pious
(1) Was criticized for being weak/soft

Question 22

d) Triple Invasion Threat

Answer 22

(1) Tent dwellers
(a) The Arabs
(i) Religion led by prophet Mohamed (died in 632 AD)
(ii) Expanded quickly
1. Starting besieging Constantinople
a. Almost took it twice
2. Kept expanding until 732 AD
a. Battle in France
b. Raiding parties stopped
ii) Magyars
(1) Hungarians
(2) Horse cultured
(a) Highly mobile and dangerous
(3) Attacked from the east
iii) Vikings
(1) Scandinavians
(2) Brilliant water navigators
(a) Thus, highly mobile
(3) Danelaw
(a) Danish moved very quickly into England
(i) Danish law took over the section they occupied
(4) Normandy
(a) “Norse” men invaded France
(i) Intermarried and thus gave rise to a new culture
1. The Normans
a. Same sailed south to the Mediterranean
i. Established themselves in Cecily and South Italy
iv) The three of these started to breaking up the Empire

Question 23

e) Louis heirs

Answer 23

had 3 heirs

i) The 3 sons agreed to break up the inheritance
(1) Agreed in 843 AD
(2) The Treaty of Verdun
(a) Eldest was given the middle kingdom and the imperial name Emperor
(i) Included Archen and Rome
(ii) 842 AD
1. Oath of Strasbourg
a. Realized East and West people did not speak the same language
i. Proto-French
ii. Proto-German
iii. This eventually caused the middle kingdom to break apart and join East and West respectively
(b) 2nd son was given the Eastern part
(i) Would become Germany
(ii) Otto of Saxony
1. Duke of Saxon
2. Emerged in the East
3. Defeated the Magyars
a. 955 AD
b. Lechfeld
4. People proclaimed him as the new Charle
5. Went to Rome and Crowned himself emperor in 962 AcD
a. Controlled west Italy and North of Rome
(c) 3rd son was given West part
(i) 987 AD the French chose and king and named him Hugh Capet
1. The Capetian Empire now started

Question 24

a) Dark Ages

Answer 24

i) There was still trade and commerce
ii) Still literacy present
iii) Not a total collapse
iv) Also, called the “Late Antiquity”
(1) 400-800AD

Question 25

b) Minorealism

Answer 25

i) Araire
(1) French for “a plow”
(2) More or less a pointy sticky
(3) Used for soft soil
(4) Doesn’t require a lot of force (2 oxen)
ii) Charrve
(1) Also, a French plow
(2) More heavy duty
(3) Used for harder ground
(4) Requires much force (8 oxen)
(a) Machine like
iii) Where Minorealism is founded
(1) Need heavy soil
(2) A way of life
iv) Agriculture
(1) No artificial fertilizer
(2) Very basic
(a) Mainly grain based
(i) One bushel sown made 1.5 bushels’ profit
(b) 2 field system
(i) Eventually 3
v) The Waste
(1) The land outside the pasteurized land
(a) The natural land
(2) Pastures were always open fields
vi) Scattered Strip
(1) People owned certain strips of land

Question 26

c) CS & CS Orwin

Answer 26

i) Married historians
(1) Also, farmers
ii) Made a theory about field plowing
(1) Cut the land in “furrow long” pieces
(a) Comes from a “fur long”
(i) About 220 yards
(b) As far as oxen could pull in one go
(c) Distance between the cuts was 22 yards long, a “chain” length
(d) This made each piece of land 4840 square yards
(i) This is the equivalent of 1 acre

Question 27

d) Lord of the Manor

Answer 27

i) Holder of the manor land
ii) 3 source of profit
(1) Produce produced on strips, the lord’s demesne (lord’s domain)
(a) Went to the lord
(2) Monopolies
(a) The lord was allowed specific privileges
(i) Took a cut from those who used his grain mill
1. About 10% cut
(ii) Controlled line stock breeding
1. Owned the breeding bull
a. Whored out his bull
(3) The manor was also a judicial enterprise
(a) Lord would hold court for minor scuffles
(i) The fine was paid to the lord