MAC, Basic Chem and Solubility Flashcards
Alveolar partial pressure governs ___
the partial pressure in the body fluids and tissue
What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?
Minimum amount of anesthetic (%) at 1 ATM that prevents noxious stimuli in
MAC prevents noxious stimuli in 50% of people
MAC is a concept similar to potency
MAC is lowest in ___
newborns
MAC peaks in ___
infants
MAC progressively decreases with ___
age
The Minimum Alveolar Concentraion increases with which types of patients?
- Hyperthermia
- Hypernatremia
If you have a hyperthermic patient, it means that the minimum alveolar concentration of the drug in order to achieve effect will need to be higher.
The Minimum Alveolar Concentration decreases with which types of patients?
- Hypothermia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypotension
- Lithium
- Lidocaine
- Opioids
This list to the left shows factors which would mean that the patient would need LESS of the drug to achieve desired effect.
BGP stands for ___
Blood/Gas Partition coefficient
Low blood solubility = ____ recovery
rapid induction/rapid recovery
High blood solubility = _____ recovery
slow induction/recovery
Low lipid solubility in fat versus brain
accumulate less readily in the fat
pass less readily into the brain
High lipid solubility in fat versus brain
accumulate readily in the fat
pass more easily into the brain
Anesthetic with high alveolar concentration (what’s the effect)
Arterial pressure increase faster
What happens when an anesthetic is added to alveoli?
Reduces oxygen concentration (during wash out)
Rapidly absorbed anesthetic (N2O) increases the ____
absorption rate of a second anesthetic
Anesthetic diffuses in the tissue along a ____
concentration gradient
Prior to the induction of anesthesia all body tissues have ___.
essentially the same zero partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic.
During recovery partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic will be ___.
different in different tissues.
Elimination of inhalation anesthetic depends upon ____
- Pulmonary Ventilation
- Cardiac output
- Gas solubility in tissue
- Gas solubility in blood
- Partial pressure of anesthetic in alveolar air and venous blood
Removal of anesthetic gases by metabolism is _____
relatively small in comparison with the removal by exhalation.
Also occurs in microsomal enzymes mostly in liver and kidneys
Metabolism of Halothane %
10-20%
Metabolism of Enflurane %
2.5%
Metabolism of Isoflurane %
0.2%
Metabolism of Nitrous Oxide and Xenon
0%
Overton-Meyer correlation
was considered to be at the foundation of anesthesia
CH4
Methane
C2H6
Ethane
C3H8
Propane
C1-C4
gases
>C4
liquids
C2H4
Ethene (Ethylene)
C3H6
Propene
Alcohols
CH3OH - Methanol
C2H5OH - Ethanol
C3H7OH - Propanol
CH3-O- CH3
Chemical name for Ether
Halogens
Group VIIA – a particular class of highly reactive non-metals
Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine (Br); Iodine (I)
The only periodic table group containing elements in three states of matter
Fluorine
gas
Chlorine
gas
Bromine
liquid
Iodine
solid
Liquid in a closed container may establish an equilibrium with ___
saturated water vapors
During equilibrium dissolved gas molecules ____
leave liquid
At the same rate other molecules dissolve in the liquid.
In equilibrium state the liquid and the dissolved gas form a ___
saturated solution.
Solubility of a gas depends upon:
1) Partial Pressure
2) Temperature
3) Gas
4) Liquid
At a given temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a liquid is ___.
directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid
Solubility of oxygen
0.003 mlO2 /100ml plasma /mmHg
Solubility of carbon dioxide
0.06 mlCO2 / 100ml plasma / mmHg
At a temperature 20oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is ____.
0.016 liter/L
At a temperature 37oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is ___.
0.014 liter/L
