MAC, Basic Chem and Solubility

Question 1

Alveolar partial pressure governs ___

Answer 1

the partial pressure in the body fluids and tissue

Question 2

What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?

Answer 2

Minimum amount of anesthetic (%) at 1 ATM that prevents noxious stimuli in

MAC prevents noxious stimuli in 50% of people

MAC is a concept similar to potency

Question 3

MAC is lowest in ___

Answer 3

newborns

Question 4

MAC peaks in ___

Answer 4

infants

Question 5

MAC progressively decreases with ___

Answer 5

age

Question 6

The Minimum Alveolar Concentraion increases with which types of patients?

Answer 6

• Hyperthermia
• Hypernatremia

If you have a hyperthermic patient, it means that the minimum alveolar concentration of the drug in order to achieve effect will need to be higher.

Question 7

The Minimum Alveolar Concentration decreases with which types of patients?

Answer 7

• Hypothermia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypotension
• Lithium
• Lidocaine
• Opioids

This list to the left shows factors which would mean that the patient would need LESS of the drug to achieve desired effect.

Question 8

BGP stands for ___

Answer 8

Blood/Gas Partition coefficient

Question 9

Low blood solubility = ____ recovery

Answer 9

rapid induction/rapid recovery

Question 10

High blood solubility = _____ recovery

Answer 10

slow induction/recovery

Question 11

Low lipid solubility in fat versus brain

Answer 11

accumulate less readily in the fat

pass less readily into the brain

Question 12

High lipid solubility in fat versus brain

Answer 12

accumulate readily in the fat

pass more easily into the brain

Question 13

Anesthetic with high alveolar concentration (what’s the effect)

Answer 13

Arterial pressure increase faster

Question 14

What happens when an anesthetic is added to alveoli?

Answer 14

Reduces oxygen concentration (during wash out)

Question 15

Rapidly absorbed anesthetic (N2O) increases the ____

Answer 15

absorption rate of a second anesthetic

Question 16

Anesthetic diffuses in the tissue along a ____

Answer 16

concentration gradient

Question 17

Prior to the induction of anesthesia all body tissues have ___.

Answer 17

essentially the same zero partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic.

Question 18

During recovery partial pressure of inhalation anesthetic will be ___.

Answer 18

different in different tissues.

Question 19

Elimination of inhalation anesthetic depends upon ____

Answer 19

1. Pulmonary Ventilation
2. Cardiac output
3. Gas solubility in tissue
4. Gas solubility in blood
5. Partial pressure of anesthetic in alveolar air and venous blood

Question 20

Removal of anesthetic gases by metabolism is _____

Answer 20

relatively small in comparison with the removal by exhalation.

Also occurs in microsomal enzymes mostly in liver and kidneys

Question 21

Metabolism of Halothane %

Answer 21

10-20%

Question 22

Metabolism of Enflurane %

Answer 22

2.5%

Question 23

Metabolism of Isoflurane %

Answer 23

0.2%

Question 24

Metabolism of Nitrous Oxide and Xenon

Answer 24

0%

Question 25

Overton-Meyer correlation

Answer 25

was considered to be at the foundation of anesthesia

Question 26

CH₄

Answer 26

Methane

Question 27

C₂H₆

Answer 27

Ethane

Question 28

C₃H₈

Answer 28

Propane

Question 29

C1-C4

Answer 29

gases

Question 30

\>C4

Answer 30

liquids

Question 31

C₂H₄

Answer 31

Ethene (Ethylene)

Question 32

C₃H₆

Answer 32

Propene

Question 33

Alcohols

Answer 33

CH₃OH - Methanol C₂H₅OH - Ethanol C₃H₇OH - Propanol

Question 34

CH₃-O- CH₃

Answer 34

Chemical name for Ether

Question 35

Halogens

Answer 35

Group VIIA – a particular class of highly reactive non-metals Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine (Br); Iodine (I) The only periodic table group containing elements in three states of matter

Question 36

Fluorine

Answer 36

gas

Question 37

Chlorine

Answer 37

gas

Question 38

Bromine

Answer 38

liquid

Question 39

Iodine

Answer 39

solid

Question 40

Liquid in a closed container may establish an equilibrium with \_\_\_

Answer 40

saturated water vapors

Question 41

During equilibrium dissolved gas molecules \_\_\_\_

Answer 41

leave liquid At the same rate other molecules dissolve in the liquid.

Question 42

In equilibrium state the liquid and the dissolved gas form a \_\_\_

Answer 42

saturated solution.

Question 43

Solubility of a gas depends upon:

Answer 43

1) Partial Pressure 2) Temperature 3) Gas 4) Liquid

Question 44

At a given temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a liquid is \_\_\_.

Answer 44

directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid

Question 45

Solubility of oxygen

Answer 45

0.003 mlO2 /100ml plasma /mmHg

Question 46

Solubility of carbon dioxide

Answer 46

0.06 mlCO2 / 100ml plasma / mmHg

Question 47

At a temperature 20^oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is \_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

0.016 liter/L

Question 48

At a temperature 37oC nitrogen and partial pressure 100 kPa solubility is \_\_\_.

Answer 48

0.014 liter/L