MA Renaissance period Flashcards
1
Q
Whats another name for the Renaissance period
A
The age of Humanism
2
Q
What does “Renaissance” mean
A
The French word for rebirth/renewal of the human spirit.
3
Q
The Renaissance was a time of what?
A
Secularization
4
Q
What was the most common subject of art during the Renaissance?
A
Humans
5
Q
Other names for the Renaissance period
A
“The age of discovery”
“the golden age of polyphony”
“the golden age of voice or A capella”
6
Q
What was invented during the Renaissance?
A
The printing Press
7
Q
What became very important during this period?
A
education
8
Q
People were expected to be what?
A
“Renaissance men and women”
9
Q
music publishing begin during the Renaissance. T or F?
A
True
10
Q
Who sang “Ave Maria”?
What genre was “Ave Maria”?
A
Josquin
Sacred Motet
11
Q
What was the most common medium during the Renaissance?
A
Voice, even though musical instruments were used more and more during this period.
12
Q
What was the most popular instrument during the Renaissance?
A
The Lute
13
Q
What was the Lute used for?
A
To accompany vocalist, then it was used in small instrumental groups called “Consorts” it eventually became a solo instrument.
14
Q
The Lute was the predecessor to the guitar. T or F?
A
True
15
Q
What was the most common texture during the Renaissance?
A
Polyphony
16
Q
Melody was the main idea with much of the music of this time was to layer melody on top of melody and imintative polyphony was a resuct. T or F?
A
True
17
Q
Did harmony happen with the music of this time?
A
yes, but it was not stressed.
18
Q
What was the rhythm during the Renaissance?
A
The beat becomes a little more evident. Basically, gently flowing rhythms were common.
19
Q
Who sang “three dances from terpsichore”?
What genre was it?
A
Michael Praetorious
Ricercar
20
Q
Who sang “Spring from the 4 seasons”?
What genre was it?
A
Antonio Vivaldi
Concerto
21
Q
Who sang The little Fugue”?
What genre was it?
A
J.S. Bach
Fugue
22
Q
What was the medium of the genre ricercar?
A
instruments, usually in small groups called consorts
23
Q
What is a whole consort?
A
instruments all from the same family
24
Q
what is a broken consort?
A
instruments from different families
25
ricercar was what kind of genre?
a polyphonic, secular genre
26
the ricercar genre was mostly used for what?
dancing
27
multi sectioned forms were used in ricercar, T or F?
True
28
What genre was Madrigal?
secular
29
What was the texture of Madrigal?
polyphonic texture
30
How many melodic voices did Medrigal have?
4-6
31
Madrigals are basically what?
songs
32
Madrigals started in Italy and then spread throughout where?
europe
33
Madrigals were sung for?
entertainment
34
Madrigals were sung dealing with love. T or F?
True
35
Madrigals were supposed to be sung with emotion. T or F?
True
36
"Word paintings"
Tried to represent the words that were being sung.
37
Madrigals influenced Opera. T or F?
True
38
Who was one of the earliest Renaissance periods greatest composers?
Josquin des Prez
39
Josquin des Prez started his career as a what?
Vocalist, then became a vocalist in the papal choir.
40
Josquin des Prez taught composing. T or F?
True
41
What kind of music did Josquin des Prez compose?
sacred and secular.
42
Palestrina also started as a composer. T or F?
True
43
Palestrina was the choirmaster at st.marks in Venice. T or F?
True
44
What is Palestrina given credit for?
Saving the artistic, polyphonic sacred music of the Roman Catholic Church.
45
Palestrina's music was considered
"other worldly" "celestial" , beautiful, pure, seamless style of polyphony.
46
Palestrina composed mostly what form of music?
sacred
47
Claudio Monteveroi was a...
late Renaissance period composer who wrote many Madrigals. (books of Madrigals)
48
Monteveroi was one of the 1st opera composers in the early Baroque period. T or F?
True
49
The Baroque period
```
The basic idea of the artwork of this time
extravagance, opulence
elaborate ornamentations
flamboyance
action, motion and drama.
```
50
What was born during the Boroque period?
The Orchestra
| Opera
51
The most common medium during the Boroque period was?
instruments. especially the violin
52
What was a Harpsichord?
A keyboard instrument. it had a limited dynamic range.
53
the Harpsichord was the predecessor to the piano. T or F?
True
54
What was the common texture during the Boroque period?
Homophony was common at the beginning, polyphony was common from the middle of the period to the end of the period.
55
What were the melodies like during the boroque period?
Themes are repeated often, sequences are used often. repetitious and continuous.
56
The rhythms were repetitious and continuous during the Boroque period. T or F?
True
57
The beat is more______ compared to earlier periods in the Boroque period.
Energized and evident.
58
What is a sequence?
a short phrase that is repeated on a higher or lower note/pitch.
59
The harmony during the Boroque period was...
Basso Contoinuo
60
Basso Continuo was also known as....
"figured bass" or "continuos bass"
61
Basso Continuo usually consisted of the medium of a____
Harpsichord (sometimes doubled by a cello or bassoon.)
62
What dynamics were quite common during the Boroque period?
terraced dynamics
63
What are terraced dynamics?
When the dynamic volume changes suddenly, without crescendo or decrescendos.
64
The mood during the Boroque period was?
Repetitious and continuous throughout a piece or movement.
65
Early 1600's opera was based on what?
Monody.
66
what is a monody?
one melody with accompaniment
67
there was usually a few vocalists and a small group of instruments, eventually it expanded to large groups of vocalists and a bigger orchestra. T or F?
True
68
Was Monody very important to the history of western music?
yes, it was the first time a solo voice could emotionally sing beautiful music with a clear text.
69
What is an opera?
A drama set to music
70
What was the medium in opera?
voices and orchestra
71
What was the form of an opera?
Eventually...act. 1....intermission....act 2.
72
Whats an overture to an opera?
The orchestral introduction to an opera. (no voices, just the orchestra)
73
What does the overture do?
Sets the mood. Melodies are heard that will be sung later.
74
Did the opera have costumes, scenery and action on stage?
yes
75
What was the usual length of an opera?
2 1/2 hours
76
What are the two types of solo singing?
Recitative and Aria
77
What did the type of solo singing recitative consist of?
a combination of speaking, singing, therefore a style of singing.
78
Recitative is a piece of music in an opera. T or F?
True
79
What was the rhythm and form of recitative singing?
free and flexible
80
What is the texture of recitative singing?
Homophonic
81
Orchestral accompaniment is usually sparse during Recitative singing. T or F?
True
82
What is Aria singing?
a piece within an opera.
83
emotional singing, elaborate embellishments were expected of the performer during an Aria. T or F?
True
84
What is a Libretto?
The book/texts/words of an opera.
85
What is a oratorio?
a genre similar to opera except no costumes, scenery, or action on stage. it is just a performance piece.
86
Oratorio's were secular but uses stories from the bible. T or F?
True
87
Where were to Oratorios performed?
secular venues.
88
What genre was Cantata?
Sacred or Secular
89
What was the medium of Cantata?
Vocalists and orchestra.
90
What was the form of Cantata?
Relatively short, compared to operas/ oratorios; about 20 minutes, and only several movements.
91
What was Bach a master at?
The Contata.
92
What were the 3 large scale dramatic vocal genres of the Boroque period?
Operas, Oratorios, Cantata's
93
What advances were made in the instrumental music of the Boroque period?
advances were made in instruments and in techniques of playing.
94
which keyboard music became more important during the Boroque period?
harpsichord & organ.
95
what instrument declined in popularity during the boroque period?
The Lute.
96
Keyboard music increased in variety and quiantity. T or F?
True
97
The Harpsichord was now used to play music originally written for the lute or solo pieces or to accompany many different kinds of performances. T or F?
True
98
What did organs employ?
Terraced Dynamics.
99
What are two types of keyboard genres?
Fugue and Toccata
100
What texture was Fugue?
Polyphonic
101
What was the most common medium of fugue?
3-5 melodic voices
102
What was the form of fugue?
flexible, usually just 1 movement
103
Fugue was a genre to show off the composers ability to compose. T or F?
True
104
What is a "subject"?
The main melody
105
The subject varies throughout a fugue. T or F?
True
106
Where was Toccata from?
The Renaissance
107
Toccata was music for....
The lute and keyboard
108
Toccata showed off the performers "chops" which was what?
Their technique
109
What was the common medium of a Toccata?
Organ or Harpsichord
110
Toccata was improvisatory in nature. T or F?
True
111
Toccata had many melodic embellishments, especially....
sequences.
112
in what period did the orchestra originate in?
Boroque period
113
Concerto was an important genre played by the orchestra that featured what?
instrumental soloist.
114
How many soloist did concerto grosso feature?
2-4 soloist with orchestra.
115
How many movements did concerto and concerto grosso have?
3.
I. fast tempo
ll. slow tempo
lll. fast tempo
116
The important idea of ____ was featured in these genres
Contrast.
| soloist vs. orchestra
117
suite, another genre was also played by what?
orchestras, or lutes and keyboards
118
What was the form of a suite?
several movements.
119
All movements were based on different genres of ______ ____ from different____
dance music
| countries.
120
Ritornello form is a 1 movement form. T or F?
True
121
In the "A" section of Ritornello form who plays the melody?
the soloist
122
In the "B" section of Ritornello form who plays the melody?
The orchestra.
123
Antonio Vivaldi was also known as what?
"the red priest"
124
Vivaldi's father was a what?
violinist, composer and a teacher
125
Vivaldi composed at a school for ____
Girls
126
What are Vivaldi's most known genres?
Concerto and Concerto Grosso- he composed arounf 450.
127
Vivaldi is given credit for establishing the 3 movement forms of what genres?
Concerto and Concerto Grosso
128
Handel was not from a family of ____
Musicians
129
What was the first instrument Handel played?
The organ
130
What were Handels musical jobs?
Organist, composer, conductor.
131
Handles best known genres were?
Italian Opera and English Oratorio
132
Handel was hired by the queen of London. T or F?
True
133
Where was Bach born?
Germany
134
Bach came from a long line of family musicians. T or F?
True
135
Bach started his career as an instrumentalist, playing what?
String instruments.
136
Bach worked for a church for his last 25 years. What did he do?
Composer, conductor, taught math and latin.
137
Bach was very _____ and did not travel.
Religious
138
Bach was a family man, howe many children did he have?
20
139
Bach was a Very Prolific composer. T or F?
True
140
Bach composed all of the genres of his except ___
Opera.
