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MICR2000 > M8 - Parasitology > Flashcards

M8 - Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoa

A

原生動物

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2
Q

Apicomplexan

A

頂複門

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3
Q

Flagellates

A

鞭毛蟲

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4
Q

Amoebae

A

變形蟲

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5
Q

Ciliates

A

纖毛蟲

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6
Q

Defining characteristics of Protozoa

A

Eukaryotes ＆unicellular

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7
Q

4 main sites of infection for Protozoa

A

Gastro-intestinal
Vascular
Tissue & organs

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8
Q

5 main routes of transmission for Protozoa

A

Faecal-oral
Vector-borne
Predator - prey
Aerosol氣溶膠
Sexual

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9
Q

Aerosol

A

氣溶膠

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10
Q

Phylum

A

門

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11
Q

Malaria

A

瘧疾

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12
Q

Recrudescent

A

復發性（短時間再次出現症狀或加劇）

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13
Q

Relapsing

A

復發（康復後容易再次復發）

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14
Q

2 main type of plasmodium species

A

Recrudescent ＆ relapsing

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15
Q

Schizonts

A

裂殖體：Plasmodium透過sporozoites孢子子進入宿主體內，然後sporozoites會發育分化成schizonts

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16
Q

gamonts

A

在感染者的血液中，一些 Plasmodium 寄生虫会发展成雄性和雌性 gamonts（配子体）

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17
Q

Sporozoites

A

孢子子，是入侵宿主的型態

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18
Q

ookinetes

A

ookinetes（卵块）在蚊子體內发育成 oocysts（卵囊），卵囊内的 sporozoites（孢子子）進入蚊子的唾液腺中以入侵宿主

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19
Q

Babesia species

A

A kind of Protozoa

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20
Q

Transmission of babes species

A

Tick-borne碑蟲傳播

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21
Q

2 main features for babes species

A

Trans-stadial transmission (跨越虫体生命周期传播)

Trans-ovarian transmission (跨越卵子传播)

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22
Q

trans-stadial (larva - nymph - adult)

A

寄生虫可以在不同生命周期阶段（幼虫、若虫、成虫）中传播和存活

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23
Q

trans-ovarian (infect developing eggs)

A

寄生虫可以感染发育中卵子，从而传播给下一代

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24
Q

The main transmission of flagellates

A

Insect vector昆蟲媒介(mainly through sandfly)

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25
Q

Cutaneoes

A

皮膚

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26
Q

Visceral

A

內臟

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27
Q

2 main pathological sites of flagellates infection

A

Cutaneous ＆ visceral

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28
Q

Amastigotes

A

無鞭毛形態

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29
Q

Exogenous cysts

A

外源性囊腫：一种休眠和耐干燥的形态，通常存在于感染者的粪便中

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30
Q

Main symptom of Giardia spp. Infection

A

Diarrhoea

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31
Q

Diarrhoea

A

腹瀉

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32
Q

Amoebae

A

變形蟲，又稱阿米巴原蟲

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33
Q

The main transmiss for amoebae

A

Faecal-oral

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34
Q

feeding trophozoite

A

滋养虫体，是活跃的寄生虫，它们可以吞噬宿主的组织和细胞，导致组织损伤和感染

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35
Q

Histolysis (soft tissue abscesses)

A

寄生虫引发的组织损伤过程，通常表现为软组织脓肿（soft tissue abscesses）

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36
Q

Bloody diarrhea

A

腹泻的一种形式，其特点是粪便中带有血液

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37
Q

Colonic ulceration

A

结肠溃疡

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38
Q

The main symptom of ciliates

A

Bloody diarrhea & Colonic ulceration

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39
Q

Three main types of disease for Protozoa

A

• gastro-enteritis (diarrhoea)
• vascular disorders (anaemia, ischaemia)
• space-occupying lesions (organ malfunction)

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40
Q

Protozoa are small but deadly, because:

A

• rapid development (® acute diseases)
• amplification in host (® intense infections)

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41
Q

Helminth

A

蠕蟲

42
Q

nematodes (roundworms)

A

線蟲（蛔蟲）

43
Q

cestodes (tapeworms)

A

絛蟲（絛蟲）

44
Q

trematodes (flukes)

A

吸蟲（吸蟲）

45
Q

Three main types of transmission of helminth

A
  1. faecal-oral (eggs) 2. vector-borne (larvae) 3. predator-prey (encysted larvae)
46
Q

Helminths are large and not so deadly because:

A

• slow development (>chronic diseases)
• no amplification (>light infections)

47
Q

amplification

A

增加、扩大或放大某种东西的程度、规模或效果

48
Q

Three main types of disease for helminths

A
  1. gastro-enteritis (blockages, diarrhoea)
  2. vascular disorders (lymphoedema)
  3. granulomas (encapsulated larvae)
49
Q

lymphoedema

A

淋巴水腫

50
Q

blockages

A

物质或对象在某个通道、管道、血管、管路或通路中形成的堵塞或阻塞

51
Q

metazoa

A

描述多细胞动物王国的生物学术语

52
Q

invertebrate

A

無脊椎動物

53
Q

Defining characteristics of helminths

A

• eukaryotes • metazoa • invertebrate

54
Q

Enteric

A

腸溶

55
Q

Two main sites of helminths infection

A

Enteric ＆ tissue

56
Q

Trichuris (whipworm)

A

鞭蟲（鞭蟲）屬於 “nematodes”（线虫类）

57
Q

exogenous egg

A

外源卵子

58
Q

rectal prolapse

A

直腸脫垂

59
Q

Two main symptom of trichuris infection

A

• diarrhoea
• rectal prolapse

60
Q

Ascaris (roundworm)

A

Ascaris（蛔虫）属于 “nematodes”（线虫类）

61
Q

ingestion

A

攝取

62
Q

pneumonia

A

肺炎

63
Q

larval

A

幼蟲

64
Q

gut obstruction

A

腸道阻塞

65
Q

Two main symptom of ascaris infection

A

• pneumonia (larval migration)
• gut obstruction (adult worms)

66
Q

Ancylostoma (hookworm)

A

鉤蟲（鉤蟲）屬於 “nematodes”（线虫类）

67
Q

larval migrans

A

幼蟲移行症

68
Q

The main symptom of ancylostoma infection

A

larval migrans

69
Q

Onchocerca (filarial worm)

A

一種”nematodes”（线虫类）

70
Q

elephantiasis

A

象炎

71
Q

The main symptom of onchocerca infection

A

elephantiasis

72
Q

Dracunculus (guinea worm)

A

“nematodes”（线虫类）

73
Q

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

A

猪绦虫，屬於”cestodes”（绦虫类）

74
Q

brain cysticerci

A

脑囊虫症是一种由猪绦虫Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)幼虫引发的感染，通常涉及到脑部组织

75
Q

Echinococcus granulosus & E. multiloculularis

A

細粒棘球絛蟲和多房棘球絛蟲

Main transmission is predator-prey in human, sheep ＆ kangaroos

76
Q

hydatid disease

A

包蟲病caused by Echinococcus granulosus & E. multiloculularis

77
Q

Schistosoma (blood fluke)

A

吸血蟲，屬於trematodes (flukes) 吸蟲（吸蟲）

78
Q

ascites

A

腹水 caused by Schistosoma (blood fluke)

79
Q

granulomas

A

肉芽腫caused by Schistosoma (blood fluke)吸血蟲

80
Q

Fasciola (liver fluke)

A

“trematodes”（吸虫类）

81
Q

pipestem fibrosis

A

管幹纖維化caused by pipestern fibrosis

82
Q

Arthropods

A

節肢動物

83
Q

Insecta

A

昆蟲綱

84
Q

louse

A

蝨

85
Q

flea

A

跳蚤

86
Q

mites

A

蟎蟲

87
Q

thorax

A

胸部

88
Q

abdomen.

A

腹部

89
Q

Ticks & other mites

A

• Blood-sucking arachnids with abdomen, head & thorax fused.
• Adults & nymphs with 4 pairs of legs, no wings
• Larvae with 3 pairs of legs

90
Q

Two main families of ticks & other mites:

A

• 1. hard ticks (Family Ixodidae)
• 2. soft ticks (Family Argasidae)

91
Q

Soft ticks (Family Argasidae)

A

Males & females are very similar

92
Q

Hard ticks (Family Ixodidae)

A

Males & females are very different

93
Q

elaborate

A

精緻的

94
Q

penetrating

A

穿透性的

95
Q

cement

A

黏固劑

96
Q

How many individual hosts in the life of a tick

A

Usually 3

97
Q

Lice (Anoplura)

A

蝨子

98
Q

Pediculus capitis

A

頭蝨－頭蝨

99
Q

Pediculus humanus

A

頭蝨 mainly on clothes I body

100
Q

Pthirus pubis

A

陰蝨on hair

MICR2000 (5 decks)

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