M8: Gender & Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Buzzword?

A

The term “buzzword” refers to an important-sounding word or phrase that becomes popular through frequent usage, particularly within the media

▪ Many sociological theories and concepts pertaining to gender have become buzzwords

▪ As these terms become ‘popular’ they often lose the intended meaning and have connotations different than the original purpose

▪ It is important to understand the true meaning but also interesting to compare to the ‘popular’ meaning

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2
Q

What is Toxic Masculinity?

A

misogyny, homophobia, and men’s violence

  • Focuses on individuals and lacks generalizability
  • Fails to identify the reasons for which this beliefs, values, actions occur
  • Valuable to recognize how this term shapes with the way masculinity is understood within society
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3
Q

What is Feminism?

A

Theories and movements for women’s rights and liberation

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4
Q

What are Femenist theories?

A
  • Response to previous theories/theorizing – mainstream sociology is ‘male-stream’ sociology
  • Inequities and unequal power relations are shaped by gender/gendered understandings
  • Many perspectives, voices and paradigms housed within the feminist theory umbrella – e.g., liberal, radical, Marxists, Black and Indigenous feminisms (and many more)
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5
Q

What are the Assumptions of Feminist Theories?

A

a. Concerned with power inequity stemming from gender relations.

b. Concerned also with redressing gender inequity.

c. Power can be:

  • Structural: systemic privileging of one gender over another through formal structures and institutions in society (e.g. laws, income)
  • Relational: one gender may experience more privilege in relationships or interactions with others (e.g. who is heard, who makes decisions)
  • Sociocultural: How genders are valued (e.g. preference for a son over a daughter)
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6
Q

What is the First Wave (Late 19th Century – early 20th Century)

A

Right to vote (“suffrage”) granted provincially to some women beginning in 1916 (Alberta, Saskatchewan, & Manitoba)

  • Asian men and women – 1948
  • Inuit men and women – 1950s
  • First Nations men and women – 1960s

BNAA amended to recognize women as persons (1929)

  • The Famous Five: “Does the word ‘Person’ in section 24 of the British North America Act, 1867, include female persons?”
  • Supreme Court of Canada → Privy Council of England

Led by educated upper-middle class white women

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7
Q

What is the Second Wave (1960s-70s) of feminism?

A

Prominent inequities challenged: gender role socialization, control of body, reproductive rights, access to opportunities

Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique (1969)

  • “the problem that has no name” = assumption that women’s destiny = housewives

Examples of outcomes: domestic violence shelters, women’s health clinics, contraceptives, legal abortions, credit card / bank loans without male co-signers

Critiqued for being white-, hetero-, uppermiddle-class-centric

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8
Q

What are the Key Concepts of the Second Wave?

A
  1. Patriarchy
  2. Sexual division of labour
  3. Socialization
  4. Gender role/norm
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9
Q

Key Concepts of the Second Wave

What is Patriarchy?

A

A system of power, including social institutions, which functions to subordinate women and children and privilege men

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10
Q

Key Concepts of the Second Wave

What is Sexual division of labour?

A

nature of work performed as a result of gender roles (e.g., men = breadwinner; women = homemaker)

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11
Q

Key Concepts of the Second Wave

What are Gender Roles/Norms?

A

role or behaviour considered to be appropriate to a particular gender as determined by prevailing cultural norms

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12
Q

Key Concepts of the Second Wave

What is Socialization?

A

process of learning the culture of a society (e.g., its language and customs), which shows us how to behave and communicate → gender role socialization

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13
Q

Third Wave (1990s-present)

What is Intersectionality?

Key words: Diversity, Individualism
Key figure: Kimberlé Crenshaw

A

“A term coined by American critical race scholar, Kimberlé
[Crenshaw] in 1989 to examine how race and sex/gender were mutually constituted…how various biological, cultural, and social categories interact on multiple (and often simultaneous) levels that lead to oppression and inequality”

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14
Q

How has the definition of Intersectionality evolved over time?

A

Crenshaw’s conceptualization has been expanded over time to include other social positions and forms of oppression beyond (but still including) gender, class, and race

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15
Q

Fourth Wave (2010s – Present)

What is happening in the 4th wave?

A
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16
Q

Four Waves: Summary

A
  • Weaving thread: Gender as an organizing principle of society
  • Some waves focus on gender socialization and gender roles;
    other waves have highlighted how gender intersects with other forms of exclusion like racism, or homophobia, and transphobia.
17
Q

How do Equality and Equity play a factor in the four Waves?

A

Equality : Everyone should be treated the same

  • 1st wave: right to vote
  • 2nd wave: equal pay for equal work, pay, opportunities

Equity : Everyone should be treated fairly and according to their own needs.

-3rd wave: Diversity and individualism
- 4th wave: Social justice, allyship, gender inclusive