M6: Nanoworld and Gene Therapy Flashcards
A billionth of a meter.
Nanometer
1 nanometer is about how many times smaller
than a bacterial cell?
100
Your fingernails grow at the rate of about
how many nanometer per second?
1
A 7-foot-tall basketball player is how much nanometers tall?
2 billion
Have developed nanosize vesicles called nanosomes?
L’oreal
Are used to transport active ingredients such as pure vitamin e through the skin.
Nanosomes
A platform that includes biology, chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering.
Nanoscience
Refers to something so small that it can only be
seen with a powerful microscope.
Nano
Concerned with manufacturing ‘things’-generally, materials and devices on the scale of atoms and molecules which are of great help to
the advancement of different sectors of society, especially health, environment, electricity, electronics, food, and agriculture.
Nanotechnology
Utilizes a particle beam of electrons to light up a
specimen and develop; can magnify objects up to a million times.
Electron microscope
It makes use of a mechanical probe that gathers
information from the surface of a material; used to determine topography and other properties of surfaces.
Atomic force microscope
Works by scanning a very sharp metal wire
tip over a surface; enables scientists to view and manipulate nanoscale particles, atoms, and small molecules.
Scanning tunneling microscope
Refers to scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective
manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems.
Nanomanufacturing
2 fundamental approaches to nanomanufacturing.
Bottom-up fabrication
Top-down fabrication
Manufactures products by building them up from atomic- and molecular-scale components; can be time-consuming.
Bottom-up fabrication
Trims down large pieces of materials into nanoscale; needs larger amounts of materials and discards excess raw materials.
Top-down fabrication
A potential method to treat or cure human disorders related to genes; advanced method using genes for the treatment or prevention of disease.
Gene therapy
2 types of gene therapy.
Somatic gene therapy
Germ-line gene therapy
Involves the manipulation of genes in any cells of the body except sperm and egg cells that will be helpful to the patient, but not inherited to the patient’s descendants.
Somatic gene therapy
Involves the genetic modification of reproductive cells, the sperm and egg cells that will pass the change on to the next generation.
Germ-line gene therapy
Mother cells with the capacity to become any cell type in the body.
Stem cells
2 Sources of Stem Cells.
Embryonic stem cells
Somatic stem cells
Are derived from a three to five-day-old human embryo that is in blastocyst phase of development and has about 150 cells.
Embryonic stem cells
Are cells that exist throughout the body after embryonic development.
Somatic stem cells
