M5: Genetically Modified Organisms

Question 1

Who first isolated DNA in 1869.

Answer 1

Friedrich Miescher

Question 2

Who discovered DNA’s structure in 1953.

Answer 2

Francis Crick and James Watson

Question 3

Who combined genes from two different viruses for the first time in history in 1972.

Answer 3

Paul Berg

Question 4

Made the first GM bacteria in 1973.

Answer 4

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen

Question 5

Made the first GM animal, a mouse, in 1974.

Answer 5

Rudolf Jaenisch

Question 6

Founded Genentech, the first genetic
engineering company, in 1976.

Answer 6

Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson

Question 7

Made the first GM plant, an antibiotic-resistant strain of tobacco, in
1983.

Answer 7

Michael W. Bevan
Richard B. Flavell
Mary-Dell Chilton

Question 8

First GMO animal; a Zebra fish modified to glow in the dark.

Answer 8

GloFish

Question 9

A process involving the alteration of the genetic
make-up of one’s organism.

Answer 9

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 10

The term used to refer to an organism created through recombinant DNA technology; any organism, in which its genetic material (DNA) has been manipulated to produce phenotypic traits, such traits would not occur naturally (by mating or natural recombination).

Answer 10

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Question 11

3 main methods of genetic engineering.

Answer 11

Plasmid Method
Vector Method
Biolistic Method

Question 12

Utilizes small circular pieces of DNA of bacteria with the aid of restriction enzymes; most commonly used method of
modifying the genetic material of any organism.

Answer 12

Plasmid Method

Question 13

Uses a virus that serves as a vector (carrier) of the desired trait; involves the introduction of the desired trait into the virus, the virus is then inserted into the host cell and will soon replicate
expressing all the desired features.

Answer 13

Vector Method

Question 14

Also known as the gene gun method; is done by firing a gene gun containing the desired genes into the host; similar to that of vaccination; mainly for the engineering of the plants.

Answer 14

Biolistic Method

Question 15

GMOs in food and agricultural industries.

Answer 15

Pest resistance
Virus resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Fortification
Cosmetic prevention

Question 16

These plants are genetically modified to resist certain pests.

Answer 16

Pest resistance

Question 17

These plants are genetically modified to resist certain viruses.

Answer 17

Virus resistance

Question 18

Example of pest resistant plant.

Answer 18

BT Corn

Question 19

Example of virus resistant plant.

Answer 19

GM Papaya or Rainbow Papaya

Question 20

These plants are genetically modified to tolerate herbicide.

Answer 20

Herbicide tolerance

Question 21

Example of herbicide tolerant plant.

Answer 21

Roundup Ready Soybeans

Question 22

These plants are genetically modified fortified with certain meals.

Answer 22

Fortification

Question 23

Example of fortified plant.

Answer 23

Golden rice

Question 24

These plants are genetically modified to resist natural discoloration.

Answer 24

Cosmetic preservation

Question 25

Example of cosmetic preserved plant.

Answer 25

Artic apple

Question 26

GMO’s in Non-Food Crops and Microorganisms.

Answer 26

Paper production Pharmaceutical productions GMO's in the medical field

Question 27

Tress are modified for a higher yield of this production.

Answer 27

Paper production

Question 28

Plants are modified to produce this products.

Answer 28

Pharmaceutical productions

Question 29

Significant benefits of genetic engineering is evident in the medical field.

Answer 29

GMO’s in the medical field

Question 30

Example of paper production plant.

Answer 30

Poplar tree

Question 31

Example of pharmaceutical plant.

Answer 31

Periwinkle plants

Question 32

Insulin production by genetically modified bacteria.

Answer 32

Humalog or Humalin

Question 33

The release of genetically modified plants into the environment could have disastrous consequences for biodiversity.

Answer 33

Risks to biodiversity

Question 34

There is a potential risk of the modified gene to be transferred from the GMO crop to its wild relative or organism in the soil and humans.

Answer 34

Risk in gene flow

Question 35

Genetic material can enter the human body through food, bacteria, viruses, vaccines and, pharmaceuticals.

Answer 35

Risk to Humanity

Question 36

Mapping of human genes to provide a framework for research and studies in the field of medicine.

Answer 36

Human Genome Project

Question 37

What is the first GM animal made in 1974?

Answer 37

A mouse

Question 38

What is the first genetic engineering company (1976)?

Answer 38

Genentech

Question 39

What is the first GM plant?

Answer 39

Antibiotic-resistant strain of tobacco

Question 40

Small circular pieces of DNA of bacteria.

Answer 40

Plasmid