M6 F

Question 1

The deficiency of which lipolytic enzyme is associated with decreased HDL?
Endothelial Lipase
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase
Lipoprotein Ligase
Hepatic Lipase

Answer 1

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase

Question 2

During the metabolism of lipids, which of the following immediately takes place after the re-esterification step?
Fat emulsification to convert dietary lipids into mixed micelles.
Newly formed triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are packaged into chylomicrons.
Chylomicrons are extruded from the Golgi into exocytotic vesicles.
In the intestine, rapid hydrolysis of esterified cholesterol to unesterified cholesterol.

Answer 2

Newly formed triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are packaged into chylomicrons.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about sphingomyelin?
Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and phosphocholine.
Most abundant sphingolipid in plasma lipoproteins.
Contains the amino alcohol sphingosine, 2 fatty acids, phosphoric acid residue & choline
One fatty acid is replaced with phosphoric acid residue and another substance.

Answer 3

One fatty acid is replaced with phosphoric acid residue and another substance.

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia is CORRECT?
Associated with the complete absence or very low levels of HDL
Associated with the presence of a relatively rare form of apo E
Involves a decreased LDL-C levels
Total cholesterol values of less than 5 mmol/L

Answer 4

Associated with the presence of a relatively rare form of apo E

Question 5

Which among the following is/are the major apolipoprotein/s in chylomicrons?
ApoA-1 only
ApoA-1 and ApoB-100
ApoA-1, A-IV, B-48, CI,CII,CIII, and E
ApoA-1, A-IV, B-48 and ApoB-100

Answer 5

ApoA-1, A-IV, B-48 and ApoB-100

Question 6

67-year-old Henry was rushed to the ER after complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure was 200/130 mm Hg. He was requested with Chest PA, ECG, and cardiac panel. His Chest PA reveals atherosclerotic AORTA and his Lipid Panel reveals the following results:
Total Chloesterol= 7.2 mmol/L
Triglycerides = 3.4 mmol/L HDL = 1.1 mmol/L
LDL = 4.6 mmol/L
In the development of the patient’s disease, the levels of which of the following play a significant role?
High HDL levels
Increased chylomicrons
Increased LDL levels
Low HDL levels

Answer 6

Increased LDL levels

Question 7

In order to transport free fatty acids and glycerol to the tissues through the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, which of the preceding lipolytic catalysts is responsible?
Endothelial lipase
Hepatic lipase
Lipoprotein lipase
Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase

Answer 7

Hepatic lipase

Question 8

Which of the following does not facilitate triglyceride breakdown?
Cortisol
Norepinephrine
LPL
Epinephrine

Answer 8

Norepinephrine

Question 9

How is non-esterified cholesterol formed?
Through lysosomal hydrolysis
Through the salvage pathway
Through the Ornithine cycle
Through hepatic filtration

Answer 9

Through lysosomal hydrolysis

Question 10

Among the lipoproteins, which is the least dense and transports triglycerides from the intestine to the peripheral tissues?
HDL
Chylomicrons
LDL
VLDL

Answer 10

Chylomicrons

Question 11

Which of the statements below best explains why an esterified cholesterol molecule entirely repels water?
Because it goes through a process called re-esterification as carried out by lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase.
This is due to the absence of polar groups brought about by the conjugation of its hydroxyl group to a fatty acid by an ester bond.
Because phospholipids and triglycerides, which are also present on the surface of lipoprotein, contain them.
They have aliphatic chains and hydroxyl groups, which together assist them ward off water.

Answer 11

This is due to the absence of polar groups brought about by the conjugation of its hydroxyl group to a fatty acid by an ester bond.

Question 12

The chemical composition of acylglycerol is esters of fatty acids and what component?
Protein
Water
Acid
Alcohol

Answer 12

Alcohol

Question 13

Coronary heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. When plaque development occurs in the brain, it is referred to as peripheral vascular disease.
First statement is incorrect, second statement is correct.
Both statements are correct.
Both statements are incorrect.
First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.

Answer 13

First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.

Question 14

Electrophoresis using agarose gel is performed on plasma lipoproteins. Which of the following migrates fastest in the a-region?
LDL
VLDL
Chylomicron
HDL

Answer 14

HDL

Question 15

A lipoprotein particle’s protein and triglyceride composition mostly determine its density. Compared to lipoproteins with high triglycerides and low protein content, those with high protein content are less dense.
First statement is incorrect, second statement is correct.
First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.
Both statements are incorrect.
Both statements are correct.

Answer 15

First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.

Question 16

The lipoprotein that contains the greatest amount of protein is called?
LDL
VLDL
HDL
Chylomicrons

Answer 16

HDL

Question 17

Which of the following lipid class is greatly involved in gluconeogenesis?
Fatty acids
Lipoprotein
Phospholipid
Esterified cholesterol

Answer 17

Fatty acids

Question 18

Veronica went to the JDM laboratory to have her Lipid profile done. The phlebotomist failed to verify the time of her last meal and proceeded with the blood extraction. After allowing the sample to stand for 15 minutes and centrifuging it, the medical technologist assigned to the Clinical Chemistry section noticed that the patient’s sample is milky. Which of the following could be the reason for this?
Presence of chylomicrons associated with a recent meal
High triglyceride level due to overfasting
High LDL levels due to the presence of chylomicrons
Increased VLDL levels

Answer 18

Presence of chylomicrons associated with a recent meal

Question 19

What is the presumed defect in most cases of familial type lla hyperlipoproteinemia?
Deficiency of cholesterol esterase
Defective receptors for LDL
Deficiency of LPL
Deficiency of hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase

Answer 19

Defective receptors for LDL

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding chylomicrons is INCORRECT?
The least dense of the lipoprotein particles
It transports hepatic-derived triglycerides & transfer them to peripheral tissues for energy J utilization and storage
It contains apo B-48
It transports triglycerides from the intestine to peripheral tissues and transport cholesterol from the intestine to the liver

Answer 20

It transports hepatic-derived triglycerides & transfer them to peripheral tissues for energy J utilization and storage

Question 21

A 25-year-old patient got his lipid profile result. His total cholesterol is 300mg/dl and triglycerides of 250mg/dl. How would you interpret the results?
The patient has a normal total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. Hence, the patient is normal.
The patient has combined hypercholesterolaemia.
The patient has hypolipoproteinaemia due to a decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride level of less than 350mg/dL and 250mg/dL, respectively.
The patient may have hyperlipoproteinemia due to increased total cholesterol and triglyceride level of more than 250mg/dl and 200mg/dl respectively.

Answer 21

The patient may have hyperlipoproteinemia due to increased total cholesterol and triglyceride level of more than 250mg/dl and 200mg/dl respectively.

Question 22

A 55-year-old obese woman came to the GP with nodules about 2 cm in diameter on her forearms. She had yellowish streaks (palmar striae) on her palms.
Laboratory examination:
Cholesterol: 11.9 mmol/l Triacylglycerides: 8.7 mmol/l Lipoprotein ELFO: broad ẞ fraction
What type of Lipoproteinemia is it?
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
Familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
Type lla hyperlipoproteinemia

Answer 22

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

Question 23

Which of the statements below is not associated with cholesterol?
1. Estrogen promotes its transport and excretion.
2. It is a constituent of phospholipids or triglycerides.
3. In is the principal storage lipid in human.
4. It suppresses surface tension of the alveoli of the lungs.
2,3,4
1,2
3,4
1,2,4

Answer 23

2,3,4

Question 24

What do you call the bloated macrophages filled with cholesterol which promote lesion progression in atherosclerosis?
Enterocytes
Neutrophils
Atherocytes
Foam cells

Answer 24

Foam cells

Question 25

Lipoprotein Lipase is activated by apoA-I and enables HDL to accumulate cholesterol. The deficiency with Lipoprotein lipase leads to an increase in Triglycerides resulting to the formation of large chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins.
Both statements are incorrect.
First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.
First statement is incorrect, second statement is correct.
Both statements are correct.

Answer 25

First statement is correct, second statement is incorrect.

Question 26

To retard the changes that might occur to lipoproteins, at what temperature is the plasma should be stored for ultracentrifugation or electrophoresis method?
-20 degree Celsius
Room Temperature
Refrigerator temperature
-80 degree Celsius

Answer 26

Refrigerator temperature

Question 27

A 20-minute recumbence may affect the blood lipoprotein concentration. Which of the following statement is false?
1. 10% increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apo-A-I, & apo-B
2.50% increase in TAGS
3. Prolonged venous occlusion can lead to hemoconcentration & cholesterol increases of 10-15%
4. Posture does not affect lipoprotein concentration
1,2, and 4
All of the choices is correct.
2 and 4
4 only

Answer 27

4 only

Question 28

What type of lipoprotein is found among patients with familial lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency?
LpX
Chylomicrons
LpA
IDL

Answer 28

LpX

Question 29

What will be immediately formed when 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA is acted upon by the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?
Mevalonic acid
Lanosterol
Acetyl-CoA
Squalene

Answer 29

Mevalonic acid

Question 30

Which of the following refers to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries brought about by plaque formation leading to reduced circulation?
Thrombosis
Atherosclerosis
Dysbetalipoproteinemia
Arteriosclerosis

Answer 30

Arteriosclerosis