M6 C22: cloning and biotechnology

Question 1

what is a natural clone?

Answer 1

genetically identical copies of something

Question 2

what are some examples of natural clones

Answer 2

mitosis in cells
yeast budding
binary fission

Question 3

advantages of natural clones?

Answer 3

don’t need a mate
pass on advantageous alleles quicker
conditions that are good for parents are good for the offspring

Question 4

disadvantages of natural clones?

Answer 4

lack of variation
could lead to wipe out by a pathogen
offspring overcrowded
selection not possible
susceptible to change

Question 5

what is vegetative propagation?

Answer 5

plants that can reproduce asexually by cloning as they have many cells that retain the ability to differentiate

Question 6

what are some examples of vegetative propagation?

Answer 6

runners- strawberry plants
suckers- old plant dies
tubers- underground stem

Question 7

what is tissue culture?

Answer 7

groeing new tissues, organ or plants from certain tissues cut from sample plants

Question 8

what is micro propagation?

Answer 8

growing a large number of plants from meristem tissue taken from a sample

Question 9

how is micro propagation done?

Answer 9

cells took from ex plant
sterilized before placed onto growth medium which contains glucose, amino acids, phosphates
they form a callus culture
divides to produce lots of undifferentiated cells
transferred to a new medium to grow with hormones
transferred to compost once stable

Question 10

what are advantages of micro propagation?

Answer 10

rapid
can grow rare species
disease free
seedless plants
naturally infertile can grow

Question 11

what are disadvantages of micro propagation?

Answer 11

monovultue is sceptible to disease
expensive
requires skilled workers
vulnerable to mold/ disease
source infected so is new cells