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Genetic Genealogy > M6 > Flashcards

M6 Flashcards

1
Q

US DOJ FIGG Policy

Beginnings

A

Effective November 2019

New Full/Permanent policy expected 2024

Addresses key criteria & general principles

Needs expansion

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2
Q

US DOJ Interim Policy Contents

A

I. Purpose & Scope
II. Application
III. Background
IV. Limitations
V. Case Criteria
VI. Investigative Collaboration
VII. Investigative Caution
VIII. Sample & Data Control & Disposition
IX. Collection of FIGG Metrics

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3
Q

US DOJ Interim Policy Summary

A
  • Violent Crime
  • Requires STR typing and CODIS upload first – NO HITS
  • Requires FDS (if allowed)
  • Only Databases that provide explicit notice to users that LE use their sites
  • No arrests on FIGG results alone
  • Requires STR profile confirmation
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4
Q

Maryland FIG Law

A
  • Effective October 1, 2021
  • Balance public safety, privacy, & criminal justice
  • Adheres to DOJ policy
  • Requires Judges sign-off/search warrant to use FIGG
    *Serious crimes ONLY
  • Only use databases w/strict policies around user content
  • Establishes procedures for obtaining additional DNA
  • Provides defense access to FIGG
  • Requires reporting & review of how, and how often FIGG is pursued
  • 2024 – licensed/certified
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5
Q

NTVIC Model for FIGG bills

A
  • Defines terminology
  • Establishes requirements for LE ro carry out FIGG
  • Provides guidance on genetic info & restrictions
  • Provides guidance on Privacy/Protection of info
  • Provides guidance on Retention of info
  • Provides guidance on Release on info
  • Destruction of information
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6
Q

NTVIC FIGG Working Group

A

Established 2022
Subcommittees
1) Public Entity FIGG Policy & Procedure
2) Public Lab FIGG Technical Validation
3) FIGG education & Training for Public entities
4) FIGG contracts between Public & Private Entities

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7
Q

FIGG Best Practices & Standards
Case Management

A
  • Case Criteria
  • Adhere to legal policies
  • Adhere to Database TOU
  • Documentation
  • Data Security (on/offline)
  • Evidence/Data Owership
  • Forensic Lap + LEA + FIGG
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8
Q

FIGG Best Practices & Standards
Genetic Evidence

A
  • DNA Quality & Quantity
  • Vendor Lab Quality Systems
  • Staff Elimination DNA databases
  • DNA Data Access/Security
  • Reference/Target Testers
  • Consent Agreements
  • Evidence/Data Disposal
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9
Q

FIGG Best Practices & Standards
Records & Tree Building

A
  • Approved platforms for tree building
  • Meet Genealogy Proof Standard
  • Confidentiality
  • Collection of records
  • Verification of records
  • Storage of records
  • Disposal of Records & Trees
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10
Q

FIGG Best Practices & Standards
Outsourcing

A
  • Contractor assessment criteria
  • Vetting for authorization
  • credentials/continuing ed
  • Proficiency testing
  • Agreements/Contracts/NDAs
  • Chain of Custody
  • Courtroom Testimony
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11
Q

FIGG Best Practices & Standards
FIGG Reporting

A
  • Full Report of ALL Analyses
  • Administrative & Technical Review
  • Full reports remain internal to agency
  • Released Affidavits DO NOT include identities of living people
  • Transfer ALL documentation to agency
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12
Q

Prof Glynn’s FIGG Recommendations

A

1) A Designated FIGG (Lab) Official (DFO)
2) Contractual Agreements w/FIGG practitioners should include NDAs
3) FIGG practitioners should be VETTED
4) Contracted FIGG practitioners should submit FULL DOCUMENTATION & REPORTS performed to DFO
5) Vendor Sequencing Labs provide DOCUMENTATION about their Quality Management Systems
6) Vendor Sequencing Labs maintain staff elimination database for contamination checks
7) Secure platforms & servers approved for data storage
8) Genealogy Standards for documentary evidence

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13
Q

FIGG Call to Action

A
  • Forensic DNA labs need to be involved & have control
  • FIGG providers/vendors labs should operate w/in forensic & criminal justice standards & practices
  • Oversight & governance
  • FiGG tool to be done ethically, responsibly w/good scientific practice, and w/in the boundaries of the law
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14
Q

GEDPro Upload Ability

A

YES
* LE _ ~$499
* Forensic Lab
* Must use professional email & contact info to be approved

NO
* Genealogist

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15
Q

Case Evaluation & Documentation Prep

A
  • Case documents should be stored in a secure, private, cloud platform & it is recommended it is locked w/password protection
  • Internal FIGG teams to LE agencies should used approved data storage systems
  • Private FIGG companies/practitioners have a wide range of data storage/sharing systems
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16
Q

For each new FIGG case Create 3 new documents

A

1) FIGG Report (word doc)
2) FIGG Records (ppt doc)
3) FIGG Trees (Lucid Chart)

Save to OneDrive folder

17
Q

Save the files with the following names

A
  • “CaseAlias_FIGGReport_Date”
    *example “unhGGat_FIGGReport_28August2023”
18
Q

Assess case info provided about Suspect Case or UHR Case

A

Victim statements or witness statements
Age, race, gender of suspect
Date of remains found
Location of remains found
Condition of remains
Estimated Post Mortem Interval
Estimated Age Range
Gender/Sex
Race/Ethnicity
Physical Appearance
Any Distinguishing features (e.g., tattoos, jewellery, etc.)
Evaluate potential range of years of birth
Note geographic regions

19
Q

Initial Kit Evaluation run the following GEDmatch Tools

A

1) Kit Diagnostic Utility
2) Admixture & Admixture Oracle
3) Are Your Parents Related (AYPR)

20
Q

Kit Diagnostic Utility

A

1) Check the Access levels
2) Check the status “Good”

21
Q

Admixture

A

Biogeographic Ancestry Estimation
* will give indication of race/ethnicity
* indicates types of surnames, genealogical resources

22
Q

Are Your Parents Related?

A
  • The Are Your Parent Related (AYPR) tool is a utility that searches the genomefor Runs of Homozygosity (ROH), regions where the DNA is identical on both chromosomes.
    *This can indicate that parents may be related.
    *This is not a tool to identify endogamy although it may produce positive results in an endogamous population.
23
Q

Genetic Genealogy Tool Analysis

A
  • The next step in your FIGG investigation is to
    evaluate the DNA match results.
  • Genealogical research will follow, including
    identifying matches and other living people in the
    family tree(s).
  • Throughout the investigation you will refer to the
    DNA results again and again as you discover
    more about the family trees.
  • Results at each stage of the investigation will
    direct the next steps whether it is more genealogy
    research or more DNA data analysis.
24
Q

One-To-Many Tool

A

Compares the primary kit to other general users in the database.
* For unidentified human remains (UHR) cases, the primary kit is compared to the entire database.
* For suspect cases, the primary kit is only compared to kits that have opted-in to law enforcement
matching.

25
Q

One-To-One Tool

A
  • Run A One-To-One on any matches you are about to Research deeper.
  • Leave the settings to their default.
  • The One-to-One tool gives a more detailed comparison than the One-To-Many.
  • You may find that the match shares more or less DNA than indicated on the One-to-Many.
  • Shows TOTAL SHARED & LARGEST SEGMENT
26
Q

Match Both or 1 of 2 Tool

A

With your top matches, perform this tool individually to show you the matches you share with each top match.
*Enter the primary kit number and a second kit fromthe primary kit’s match list.
*The results will have 3 tabs, kits that match both, kitsthat match the first kit and kits that match thesecond.
*The first tab “kits that match both” could be considered a cluster of shared matches.

27
Q

Clusters using GEDmatch Tools

A

*Matrices
*People who match both or 1 of 2 kits
*Segment Search
*Triangulation
*Auto Clustering

28
Q

Segment Search Tool

A

This tool searches for matching segments of DNA with the Primary kit. It may be used in a variety of different situations with the default settings unchanged or adjusting the filters for a more specific purpose.
*For example, you may want to search a specific chromosome or location on a chromosome for matches who share that segment.
*Or if you are working with an endogamous population you may want to filter out all segments under 20 cM.

29
Q

Triangulation Tool

A
  • GEDmatch offers a triangulation tool that searches for segment triangulation.
  • This is a Tier 1 tool and can be accessed from the top menu bar or sidebar menu.
  • Segment triangulation is when three or more matches share DNA at the same location on a chromosome.
  • Everyone must share DNA with each other at this location in order to be considered a triangulated group.
  • These matches likely inherited this segment from the same ancestor.
30
Q

Clustering by Segments using DNA Painter

A
  • A chromosome map is a diagram representing the 23 pairs of chromosomes. Itis used to map segments of DNA shared between a primary test taker and their matches.
  • These shared segments have been passed down to the test taker and the match through a specific ancestor.
  • A group of three or more matches that share the same segment of DNA in a specific location on a chromosome are called a triangulation group, or cluster.
31
Q

WATO

A

Perform to examine potential hypotheses

32
Q

Third-Party Reference Testers definition

A

If no potential candidate is identified, you may reach a point in your research where you have identified a living individual that, if DNA tested, would likely provide the necessary connections to lead to a potential candidate for the unknown. These are called Third-Party Reference Testers.

33
Q

Third-Party Reference Testers can

A

Help rule in or out a particular line.
*Genealogists should NEVER reach out to anyone including matches and reference testers.
*It is strongly advised that the law enforcement agency/officer is guided to reach out to the suggested reference tester and the request is performed within any legal boundaries that exist.
*Law enforcement officers are trained in interview techniques. Genealogists are not.
*It is also suggested that the officers are provided with a family tree chart (next slide) to fill in while interviewing the reference tester in order to gather as much information as possible from them.
*Reference testers should always be well-informed of the risks and benefits of participating and should always provide written consent.

34
Q

Third-Party Reference Testers NOT selected that is suspected of being very closely related to the unknown &

A

In a UHR case, this could lead to a family member becoming aware of the death of a loved one prior to confirmation, causing undue harm.
In a suspect case, this could lead to the family member tipping off the potential perpetrator/suspect and them fleeing.

35
Q

As a Final Reminder for FIGG Workflow

A
  • Only GEDmatch PRO and FamilyTreeDNA are allowed to be used for any real law enforcement FIGG investigation.
  • Protecting public safety AND public privacy are equally important.
  • Recording/documenting everything performed in a FIGG investigation is the most effective method to provide evidence of what was performed, and how the conclusions were reached without breaching any rules, policies, laws, or ethical violations.
  • Conducting a FIGG investigation ethically and responsibly is quite easy to do, having evidence of that, protects you, but more importantly, protects the integrity of the case.
36
Q

DNA DRIVES define

A
  • Events to help educate the public on FIGG, increase awareness, and increase public support.
  • DNA Drives help increase the number of people in the FIGG databases.
  • Provide free consumer DNA tests.
37
Q

DNA Drive DON’Ts

A

 Maintain ownership of their DNA. Each tester must be in control of their own DNA.
 Target particular demographics e.g., indigenous people, people of color, etc.
 Hold the DNA Drive at social events where alcohol is consumed, e.g., hockey games….
 pressure anyone!

38
Q

DNA Drive Considerations

A
  • Target Audience
  • Location
  • Time/Day
39
Q
A

Genetic Genealogy (6 decks)

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