M5.3 Oscilations Flashcards
define simple harmonic motion
is a description of motion when displacement is propotional to negative acceleration
At maximum displacement what are acceleration and decelerations
velocity is 0
acceleration is minimum in the negatives
define angular velocity/frequency
the amount of radians traveled per second
were the object has returned to its original location being 2 pi radians
wht happens to energy in harmonic motion
total energy remains constant
KE peak at 0 displacement
and at maximum displacement elastic or gravitational potential energy is max
define free oscillations
free oscilations have no external forces
not affected by friction
how is period and frequency fixed in SHM
because when greater final velocity increases as dislpacement increases
define resonance
a driving force at the same frequency as the oscilations
what does the graph of resonance look like
very high peak when frequency is equal to the oscilations. Quickly drops after
when is resonance used in real life
microwaves resonant the frequency of water molecules
MRI scans resonating emitting radio waves
what is damping
taking energy out of the system to reduce amplitude
what is exponential decay
reducing by a fixed proportion each time
half life
what can dampen an oscilation
air resistance
friction
water resistance
why must a damping force must have the same frequency as the objects natural frequency
To remove the most energy from the system when the driven force has a similar freuqency of the object
How to investigate SHM of a horizontal ball and spring system
Use a stroboscope to take pictures at set time intervals with a scale close to the system (ruler)
make sure camera is 90 degrees to the oscillation
provided v (max) is constant explain how maximum acceleration varies with frequency
a (max) = (2(pi)f)^2A
v (max) = 2(pi)f * A
a = 2(pi) fv (maxes)
as v (max) is constant a(max) is proportional to f
