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A-level OCR Physics > M4.2 Waves > Flashcards

M4.2 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

define period

A

the time taken for one wave cycle

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2
Q

phase difference

A

difference between two points on waves.
i.e difference between two corresponding peaks

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3
Q

what do all electromagnetic waves transfer

A

energy

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4
Q

why does a wave move back down after up

A

after being moved from the equilibrium a restoring force is applied to the wave which pulls it down

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5
Q

what is 180 degrees in radians

A

pi radians

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6
Q

what is the law of reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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7
Q

which direction does the wave defract when it enters a more dense material

A

towards the normal because it slows down

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8
Q

why does white light into a prism make a rainbow

A

because low frequency waves slow down

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9
Q

what is diffraction

A

waves spreading out when they passthrough a gap or around an object

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10
Q

what determines the degree of diffraction

A

relative size of the slit
or around an obstical the wavelength

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11
Q

describe the structure of an unpolarised electromagnetic wave

A

split into two waves magnetic and electric perpendicular to each other

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12
Q

define unpolarised electromagnetic waves

A

EM waves in all vertices

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13
Q

define polarisation

A

polarisation is when an unpolarised wave travels through a polarisation filter which makes it oscilate in one direction

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14
Q

explain intensity

A

intensity and distance have an inverse square law
intensity is the power per cross sectional area
i.e energy doesnt change but the wave spreads out more

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15
Q

what is snells law

A

n sin(theta) is constant

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16
Q

define the refractive index

A

ratio between speed of light in a vacuum and speed of light in the material

17
Q

What is the critical angle

A

the angle of incidence that creates an angle of refraction of 90 degrees

18
Q

define total internal reflection

A

when the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle the light is instead reflected at the boundary rather than passing through
(looks like the light bounces back into the glass rather than leaving)

19
Q

describe PAG to measure critical angle

A

get a semi circlular glass block shine a ray into the glass block
Aimed at the middle of the flat edge
meassure the angle of incidence to before the ray leaves the block
use n sin(theta) is constant to find the refractive index
then use n sin(theta) to find theta when the angle of refraction is 90

20
Q

what is path difference at a maxmia

A

nλ

21
Q

define stationary wave

A

two super imposed waves in a string same frequency

22
Q

what is a node

A

points with 0 displacement

23
Q

why do nodes occur

A

because if they have equal frequencies then both will have 0 displacement at the same point 0 + 0 is 0

24
Q

what is an anti node

A

point with maximum displacement

25
Q

when not in a pipe what is the minimum wave length of a stationary wave

A

1/2 λ* n

26
Q

what is there at an open end of a pipe

A

anti node

27
Q

what is there at a closed end of a pipe

A

nodes

28
Q

what is the smallest wave length when the pipe is closed at one end and what length does each harmonic increase by

A

1/4 λ
2/4 λ (alway has an odd number on top)

29
Q

what is the minimum length when the pipe open at both ends

A

1/2 λ

30
Q

What is the relationship between intensity and amplitude

A

Intensity is directly proportional to A^2

31
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for a radio wave

A

Radio 10^6 -> 10^-1m

32
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for a mirco wave

A

Micro 10^-1 -> 10^-3

33
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for a infrared wave

A

10^-3 -> 10^-7

34
Q

wavelength range for visble light

A

700 nm to 400 nm

35
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for a ultraviolet

A

400nm -> 10*10-8

36
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for an x ray

A

10^-8 -> 10^-10

37
Q

what is the range of wavelengths for gamma rays

A

10^-10 and lower

A-level OCR Physics (19 decks)

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