M5-Soil+Organisms+Organic+Matter Flashcards
Fill the blank.
Like a forest or an estuary, a soil is a/an ____ in which thousands of different creatures interact and contribute to the global cycles that make all life possible.
A) forest
B) biodiversity
C) ecosystem
C
_____ are the living part of the soil.
A) trees
B) worms
C) soil organisms
C
What type of rrganisms are can be seen by the naked eye?
Macroorganisms
Animals, plant roots, and moss are example of
A) macroorganisms
B) microorganisms
A
This type of macroorganisms are subsisting largely on plant materials small mammals like mice squirrels and insects like springtails ants beetle and grabs
A) macroflora
B) macrofauna
B
Example of this macroorganisms are plant roots and moss
Macroflora
This are type of organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye
Microorganisms
Microorganisms are divided into two types which are…
- Microflora
- Microfauna
This microorganisms are predatory or parasitic or subsisting on plant residues
Microfauna
Microfauna are divided into three parts, namely
A) bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes
B) protozoa, nematodes, rotifers
B
This type microfauna are unicellular and most numerous
A) nematodes
B) bacteria
C) protozoa
C
An example of these are roundworms; they are small eel-like worms
A) protozoa
B) nematodes
C) Actinomycetes
B
These are aquatic multicellular organisms that are numerous in wet areas
A) bacteria
B) algae
C) rotifers
C
Bacteria, fungi, Actinomycetes, and algae are example of _____
Microflora, microorganisms
TRUE or FALSE
Some scientist consider soil as a living body because it contains a various kinds of organisms.
True
These are single-celled organisms that multiply rapidly by elongating and dividing into two parts. They are very small seldom that exceeds four to five microns in length and the shape varied from nearly round, rod-like, or spiral.
Bacteria
What are the three classifications of bacteria according to oxygen requirements?
Aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative
This bacteria thrive only in the presence of free oxygen
Aerobic
This bacteria can live even the complete absence of oxygen
Anaerobic
This bacteria that can grow in the presence or absence of free oxygen
Facultative
What are the two classifications of bacteria according to energy and carbon requirements?
Autotrophic, heterotrophic
It (bacteria) uses carbon dioxide as source of energy and oxidation of simple in organic compounds
Autotrophic
This bacteria used in organic chemical compounds as source of energy
Chemoautotrophic
This bacteria uses sunlight as source of energy
Photoautotrophic
These are the two types of autotrophic bacteria
Chemoautotrophic and photoautotrophic
It (bacteria) oxidizes organic matter for carbon and energy
Heterotrophic
This type of bacteria have -<20°C temperature for optimum activity
Psychrophyllic
This type of bacteria have -<25°C temperature for optimum activity
Mesophyllic
This type of bacteria have -<45°C temperature for optimum activity
Thermophyllic
In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is purple when stained and covered with peptidoglycan
Gram positive
In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is red-pink when stained and covered with peptidoglycan with lipoprosaccharide
Gram negative
In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is red-pink when stained and covered with peptidoglycan with lipoprosaccharide
Gram negative
Lag paste exponential phase stationary phase and depth phase are ____ of bacteria
Growth phase
The bacterial ____ represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time
A) growth phase
B) growth curve
B
This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not growth. A small group of cells are placed in a nutrient rich medium that allows them to synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for replication. These cells increase in size but no cell division occurs in the phase.
Lag phase
This is the time when the cells are dividing by binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time.
Metabolic activity is high in DNA, RNA, cell wall components, and other substances necessary for growth are generated for division.
It is in this growth phase that antibiotics and disinfectants are most effective as this substances typically target bacteria cell walls are the protein synthesis process of DNA transcription in RNA translation.
Exponential (log ) phase
They resemble molds—filamentous and produce protein bodies.
They have mycelial threads that is smaller than fungi. Is unicellular and simplify complex and resistant organic compounds
Actinomycetes
In sterile petri plates, a series of dilution is prepared. What does 1:1000 dilution mean?
1 part soil suspended in 999 parts distilled sterile production
Used to determine bacterial concentration without the need for advanced equipment
Direct count
Plate counting is used to estimate the number of viable cells that are present in a sample
Viable count
Compounds resistant to microbial actions are formed
Humus
A type of composting that uses earthworms
Vermicomposting
Eudrilus eugeniae is also known as ____
African Night Crawler (ANC)
