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Soil+Science-'24 > M5-Soil+Organisms+Organic+Matter > Flashcards

M5-Soil+Organisms+Organic+Matter Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fill the blank.
Like a forest or an estuary, a soil is a/an ____ in which thousands of different creatures interact and contribute to the global cycles that make all life possible.

A) forest
B) biodiversity
C) ecosystem

A

C

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2
Q

_____ are the living part of the soil.

A) trees
B) worms
C) soil organisms

A

C

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3
Q

What type of rrganisms are can be seen by the naked eye?

A

Macroorganisms

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4
Q

Animals, plant roots, and moss are example of

A) macroorganisms
B) microorganisms

A

A

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5
Q

This type of macroorganisms are subsisting largely on plant materials small mammals like mice squirrels and insects like springtails ants beetle and grabs

A) macroflora
B) macrofauna

A

B

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6
Q

Example of this macroorganisms are plant roots and moss

A

Macroflora

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7
Q

This are type of organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye

A

Microorganisms

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8
Q

Microorganisms are divided into two types which are…

A
  1. Microflora
  2. Microfauna
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9
Q

This microorganisms are predatory or parasitic or subsisting on plant residues

A

Microfauna

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10
Q

Microfauna are divided into three parts, namely

A) bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes
B) protozoa, nematodes, rotifers

A

B

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11
Q

This type microfauna are unicellular and most numerous

A) nematodes
B) bacteria
C) protozoa

A

C

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12
Q

An example of these are roundworms; they are small eel-like worms

A) protozoa
B) nematodes
C) Actinomycetes

A

B

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13
Q

These are aquatic multicellular organisms that are numerous in wet areas

A) bacteria
B) algae
C) rotifers

A

C

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14
Q

Bacteria, fungi, Actinomycetes, and algae are example of _____

A

Microflora, microorganisms

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15
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Some scientist consider soil as a living body because it contains a various kinds of organisms.

A

True

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16
Q

These are single-celled organisms that multiply rapidly by elongating and dividing into two parts. They are very small seldom that exceeds four to five microns in length and the shape varied from nearly round, rod-like, or spiral.

A

Bacteria

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17
Q

What are the three classifications of bacteria according to oxygen requirements?

A

Aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative

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18
Q

This bacteria thrive only in the presence of free oxygen

A

Aerobic

19
Q

This bacteria can live even the complete absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobic

20
Q

This bacteria that can grow in the presence or absence of free oxygen

A

Facultative

21
Q

What are the two classifications of bacteria according to energy and carbon requirements?

A

Autotrophic, heterotrophic

22
Q

It (bacteria) uses carbon dioxide as source of energy and oxidation of simple in organic compounds

A

Autotrophic

23
Q

This bacteria used in organic chemical compounds as source of energy

A

Chemoautotrophic

24
Q

This bacteria uses sunlight as source of energy

A

Photoautotrophic

25
Q

These are the two types of autotrophic bacteria

A

Chemoautotrophic and photoautotrophic

26
Q

It (bacteria) oxidizes organic matter for carbon and energy

A

Heterotrophic

27
Q

This type of bacteria have -<20°C temperature for optimum activity

A

Psychrophyllic

28
Q

This type of bacteria have -<25°C temperature for optimum activity

A

Mesophyllic

29
Q

This type of bacteria have -<45°C temperature for optimum activity

A

Thermophyllic

30
Q

In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is purple when stained and covered with peptidoglycan

A

Gram positive

31
Q

In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is red-pink when stained and covered with peptidoglycan with lipoprosaccharide

A

Gram negative

32
Q

In classification of bacteria according to gram staining, it is red-pink when stained and covered with peptidoglycan with lipoprosaccharide

A

Gram negative

33
Q

Lag paste exponential phase stationary phase and depth phase are ____ of bacteria

A

Growth phase

34
Q

The bacterial ____ represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time

A) growth phase
B) growth curve

A

B

35
Q

This initial phase is characterized by cellular activity but not growth. A small group of cells are placed in a nutrient rich medium that allows them to synthesize proteins and other molecules necessary for replication. These cells increase in size but no cell division occurs in the phase.

A

Lag phase

36
Q

This is the time when the cells are dividing by binary fission and doubling in numbers after each generation time.

Metabolic activity is high in DNA, RNA, cell wall components, and other substances necessary for growth are generated for division.
It is in this growth phase that antibiotics and disinfectants are most effective as this substances typically target bacteria cell walls are the protein synthesis process of DNA transcription in RNA translation.

A

Exponential (log ) phase

37
Q

They resemble molds—filamentous and produce protein bodies.
They have mycelial threads that is smaller than fungi. Is unicellular and simplify complex and resistant organic compounds

A

Actinomycetes

38
Q

In sterile petri plates, a series of dilution is prepared. What does 1:1000 dilution mean?

A

1 part soil suspended in 999 parts distilled sterile production

39
Q

Used to determine bacterial concentration without the need for advanced equipment

A

Direct count

40
Q

Plate counting is used to estimate the number of viable cells that are present in a sample

A

Viable count

41
Q

Compounds resistant to microbial actions are formed

A

Humus

42
Q

A type of composting that uses earthworms

A

Vermicomposting

43
Q

Eudrilus eugeniae is also known as ____

A

African Night Crawler (ANC)

Soil+Science-'24 (3 decks)

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