M5 Note 2 Flashcards
The spinal chord extends until what level
L2
What is the length of the spinal chord
40-45cm
Spinal chord is made of which membranes
Pia - Arachnoid - Dura
The outermost layer (of the spinal chord) goes until what level?
S2 - dura mater
what lies in the epidural space?
Loose areolar tissue + Venous plexus
Where is the subdural space
Between dura and arachnoid mater - it contains fluid for lubrication
What innervates the dura mater
Upper Cervical nerve roots
which makes it a possible source of pain and neurological dysfunction if chronic tension is applied to it..
Rectus Capitus posterior Major attaches where
Between C1-C2 onto the Dura - 86%
Rectus Captius Posterior Minor attaches wehre
between C0-C1 onto dura - !00%
Obliquus Capitis inferior - attaches
Atlanto - Axial space aka C1-2 onto dura - 86%
traction of the rectus capitis post mayor does what
dural movement
Dural tension can cause what?
HA
Ligament cranial dura matris spinalis (CDMS) - ano 1929
aka Vertebrodural ligament
fibrous strands between dura and posterior Atlanto-occipital + foramen magnum + post arch C1 + SP C2
a dense connective tissue strand extending from the posterior arch C1, atlantoaxial space and lamina of C2 to the dura mater
function Vertebrodural ligament
pump that helps to circulate CSF into spinal canal with Head movements
During the Cervical extension does the spinal chord elongate or shortens?
it shortens during extension
what does dentate tension do to the chord
pulls it laterally - makes it shrink ant + post
an average displacement of 3degr on C1, produces about 3mm of lateral displacement - does this deform the spinal chord?
Yes, by 25%
Chiari Malformation is also known an
Cerebellar tonsillar ectopia
What is associated with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia at the CCJ lvl
reduced CSF flow
Heart rate variability
reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic control
parasympathetic - hormones?
Acetcylcholine
Sympathetic - hormones
Noradrenaline
Neuropeptide - Y
thermography assess the the parasympathetic nervous system
wrong - it’s the sympathetic nervous system
Which nervous system controls the postural muscles (general)
extrapyramidal nervous system (non voluntary muscle tone)
The Extrapyramidal nervous system originates from which nuclei
Vestibular nuclei (efferent)
vestibular fibers travel down via which tract?
descending medial longitudinal fasiculus (DMLF)
gets divided into lateral & medial vestibulospinal tracts
The lateral vestibulospinal tract has which function?
postural motor tone control of the axial and girdle muscles
Medial vestibulospinal tract has which function
postural control of the neck muscles – esp reflex control (head positioning + eye movement)
Medullary Recticospinal tract has which function
inhibits the antigravity muscles – excites the flexor muscles
Where does the inhibitory signals come from?
basal ganglia (not cortex or cerebellum)
