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CPH LEC > M5 > Flashcards

M5 Flashcards

1
Q

Is one of the most important factors for the
health of an individual or a community, and
is, consequently, a fundamental issue in
modern public health

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

Application of nutrition and physical activity to the promotion of good health, the primary prevention of diet-related illness of groups, communities, and populations (not individuals)
– UK Nutrition Society

A

Public health nutrition

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3
Q

Reasons behind Malnutrition

A

▪ Poverty
▪ Inadequate Access To Health Education
▪ Poor Feeding Practices
▪ Diarrheal And Respiratory Illnesses
▪ Food Deficiencies

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4
Q

Interventions or programs that address immediate determinants (inadequate dietary intake)

A

NUTRITION-SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS

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5
Q

Examples of nutrition specific intervientions

A

feeding programs,
breastfeeding, micronutrient
supplementation

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6
Q

Interventions or programs that address underlying determinants (poverty, food insecurity)

A

NUTRITION-SENSITIVE INTERVENTIONS

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7
Q

EXAMPLES OF NUTRITION-SENSITIVE
INTERVENTIONS

A

Food security, adequate care-giving resources, access to health services and safe and hygienic environment

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8
Q

To provide energy needed to
keep the body breathing and alive, for
movement and warmth, and for growth and
repair of tissues.

A

Carbohydrates

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9
Q

To provide a concentrated source of
energy and the fatty acids needed for growth
and health.
○ Vitamin A Absorption

A

Fats

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10
Q

To build cells, body fluids, antibodies
and other parts of the immune system.
○ Energy

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Hemoglobin production
To allow the muscles and brain to work properly.

A

Iron

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12
Q

Thyroid hormones production
Fetal brain and nervous system development

A

Iodine

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13
Q

Growth and Development
Immune system

A

Zinc

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14
Q

Prevent infection
Healthy skin, eyes, and lining of the gut

A

Vitamin A

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15
Q

Macronutrient utilization
Nervous system

A

B group vitamins

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16
Q

Healthy RBCs
Prevention of fetal abnormalities

A

Folate

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17
Q

Iron absorption (some forms)
Elimination of free radicals
Wound healing

A

Vitamin C

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18
Q

Disorders of Undernutrition

A

Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Iron-deficiency anemia
Vitamin deficiency (A, B, C, D, & K)

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19
Q

•Protein malnutrition, “deposed child”
•Sufficient calorie intake, but lack protein
consumption

A

Kwashiorkor

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of Kwashiorkor

A

• Pitting edema
• Distended abdomen
• Hepatomegaly
• Thinning of hair
• Loss of teeth
• Skin pigmentation and dermatitis

21
Q

• Severe form of malnutrition characterized by energy-deficiency
• Prevalent among children (during
famine, concentration camps and refugee camps)
• Characterized by lack of subcutaneous fat and decrease muscle volume

A

Marasmus

22
Q

Marasmos is a greek word meaning?

A

Withering

23
Q

a condition characterized by a depletion of
iron levels in the body thus leading to low
levels of erythrocytes and hemoglobin
content.
○ blood loss
○ decreased iron absorption (celiac
disease)
○ increased iron demand (pregnancy)

A

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

24
Q

Night Blindness (nyctalopia)

A

Vit A

25
Q

Anemia, Pellagra

A

Vit B

26
Q

Scurvy

A

Vit C

27
Q

Rickets, Osteomalacia

A

Vit D

28
Q

Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

A

Vit K

29
Q

Disorders of overnutrition

A

Obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes mellitus

30
Q

excess intake of energy-dense foods
● sedentary work and lifestyle
● lack of access to a healthy diet
● linked with:
○ CVDs
○ Depression
○ T2DM
○ Obstructive sleep apnea

A

Obesity

31
Q

Obesity is linked with:

A

○ CVDs
○ Depression
○ T2DM
○ Obstructive sleep apnea

32
Q

a strong relationship exists among diet, lifestyle, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases

A

Cardiovascular diseases

33
Q

Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases:

A

● weight loss
● salt restriction
● smoking cessation
● increased physical activity

34
Q

● a chronic metabolic disorder found throughout the world
● It develops in individuals who lack sufficient
insulin production or whose insulin is impaired in
function.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

35
Q

insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes

Insulin injections

A

Type 1 DM

36
Q

mature onset, nutritional, or non-insulin
dependent, diabetes (NIDDM)

A

Diabetes 2 DM

37
Q

• Occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin
• Tends to develop at a young age
• Cannot be prevented
• Require insulin therapy

A

Type 1 Diabetes

38
Q

• Occurs due to insulin resistance (i.e. when the body does not respond well to insulin)
• Tends to develop at an older age
• Can be prevented with lifestyle changes
• Can be managed with lifestyle modifications alone if diagnosed early

A

Type 2 Diabetes

39
Q

The assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use

A

Food safety

40
Q

a collection of standards, guidelines and codes of practice
adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission

A

Food code

41
Q

Includes provisions for food labelling, additives, contaminants,
specific standards for food products, among others

A

Food codex

42
Q

Current Challenges on Food Safety

A

• Globalization of the food supply chain
• Urbanization
• International Travel
• Climate Change

43
Q

• Identifying and eliminating foodborne pathogens
• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) guidelines
• Proper training and certification of food handlers

A

Food Safety Management Practices

44
Q

ensures standards are followed at the initial stages of food production and harvesting stage.

A

Department of Agriculture

45
Q

assures the preservation of good hygiene and the safety of food within their respective territorial jurisdictions (e.g. activities in slaughterhouses, dressing plants, fish ports, wet markets, supermarkets, school canteens, restaurants, catering establishments and water refilling stations)

Additionally in charge of ambulant vending and the sale of street food

A

Department of Interior and Local
Government (DILG)

CPH LEC (2 decks)

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