M4.1: Contraception Flashcards
how do BCPs work
what to they contain
contain progesterone and estrogen
stops ovulation from occurring
thickens cervical mucus so sperm can’t pass
changes endo lining
how does the mini pill work
what does it contain
progesterone only
ovulation may occur
thickens cervical mucus
how does the BC patch work
what do they contain
contain progestin and estrogen, hormones are absorbed through the skin
stops ovulation from occurring
thickens cervical mucus
changes endo lining
how do BC injections work
what do they contain
only progestin, 1 shot every 3 months
stops ovulation
thickens cervical mucus
advantage of BC injections over BCP
can be used by women who smoke, are over 35 and are breastfeeding
BC injections can improve symptoms of which condition
endometriosis
describe a nuva ring
how does it work
vaginal contraceptive ring thats placed in the vagina for 3 wks and replaced every month
-contains estrogen and progesterone
hormones are absorbed into the body
stops ovulation
thickens cervical mucus so sperm can’t pass
changes endo lining
can you see a nuva ring on US
yes
what is an emergency contraception pill
how do they work?
pill taken up to 5 days after unprotected sex contains high dosage of estrogen and progesterone
-changes endo lining (to stop implantation) and vaginal mucus
describe IUCDs
2 types
copper or plastic device that prevents implantation
Mirena (called an intrauterine contraceptive sys because it secretes hormones)
Copper IUD
how does the mirena IUCD work
plastic, T shaped, contains progesterone
thickens cervical mucus
changes endo lining
may stop ovulation
mirenas and copper Ts can be used for up to how many years
5
how does the copper T IUCD work
plastic wrapped in copper
changes endo lining so implantation doesnt occur
thickens vaginal mucus
where should IUCDs be placed in the uterus
typical US appearance
fundus
hyperechoic
comet tail
posterior shadowing
what type of IUCD can be hard to see with a full bladder
what is the best way to see it TA
mirena, post void is easier because the uterus regains an anteverted position
complications w/ IUCDs
expulsion into abdo cavity improper location PID - infertility ectopic preg preg w/ IUCD leading to complications
what is the chinese ring?
contraceptive used in china to enforce the 1 child policy, inserted after delivery of the placenta so the mom could not have more children
not meant to be removed.
why are some preg w/ IUCDs aborted
risks of preg w/ IUCD
due to rupture of membranes or infection
preterm delivery w/ attempted removal of IUCD
when may you see and IUCD w/ preg
<12 wks
list some barrier contraception devices
condom female/male version
sponge w/ spermicide
cervical caps
diaphragms
surgical methods of contraception for females
how is this done?
tubal ligation:
permanent
done through laparoscopy using ligation, cauterization or staples, sometimes coils in the tubes
surgical methods of sterilization for males
how is this done?
vasectomy:
permanent
ligation of vas deferens
ejaculation w/o sperm
how are medical abortions performed
what drug is used
w/ methotrexate, a growth inhibitor that blocks folic acid from embryonic cells so they cant divide
drug is injected into mom, preg ends a couple days after, but can take up to 4 wks to terminate
2 types of induced abortions
therapeutic or surgical:
- manual vacuum aspiration
- D and C
- D and E (evacuation)
when is a D&E performed
second trimester to terminate baby w/ lethal chromosomal abnormalities
