M4 + M5 Genetics 1 & 2

Question 1

Deals with the molecular structure and functions of genes.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Suppose for a plant height the letter “t” is assigned. What would be the genotype of a plant which is homozygous dominant for height?

A. tt
B. Tt
C. TT
D. None of the above

Answer 2

C. TT

Question 3

Relationship between alleles of a gene in which one allele masks the expression of another.

Answer 3

Law of Complete Dominance

Question 4

Pair of alleles for a character seperate from each other during gamete formation

Answer 4

Law of Segregation

Question 5

Where members of one allelic pair separate from each other

Answer 5

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 6

Assuming complete dominance is followed, which of the following genotypes has the same phenotype as AAbbCc?

A. AaBbCc
B. AABBCC
C. Aabbcc
D. AabbCC

Answer 6

D. AabbCC

Question 7

In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed mam marries a blue-eyed woman and they have three children, two of whom are brown eyed, and one of whom is blue-eyed. What is the man’s genotype?

A. BB
B. bb
C. Bb
D. None of the above

Answer 7

C. Bb - the man has brown eyes, so his genotype could only either be BB or Bb.

He was able to produce a blue eyed (bb) offspring, which means he must have the recessive allele ‘b’.

Thus his genotype must be Bb.

Question 8

Error in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA

Answer 8

Mutation

Question 9

Structural defect on one chromosome

Answer 9

Chromosomal Aberration

Question 10

Deviation from the normal chromosome number involving a single pair

Answer 10

Aneuploidy

Question 11

Diploid organisms that lack one chromosome (ex: Turner Syndrome (XO)

Answer 11

Monosomy

Question 12

Diploid organism with one extra chromosome (2n + 1)

Examples:
Trisomy 21 - Down Syndrome
Trisomy 18 - Edward Syndrome
Trisomy 13 - Patau Syndrome

Answer 12

Trisomy

Question 13

Method used to identify and to evaluate size, shape and number of chromosomes

Answer 13

Karyotyping

Question 14

A patient is exhibiting Down Syndrome has which of the following abnormality in his DNA?

A. The patient has only 1 copy of chromosome 21
B. The patient has 3 copies of chromosome 21
C. The patient has only 1 copy of chromosome 18
The patient has 3 copies of chromosome 18

Answer 14

B. The patient has 3 copies of chromosome 21

Question 15

Karyotyping is a tool used by geneticists to detect genetic abnormalities. Which of the following conditions cannot be detected by Karyotyping?

A. Edward syndrome
B. Down syndrome
C. Tay-Sach’s disease
D. Turner syndrome

Answer 15

C. Tay-Sach’s disease

Karyotyping cannot detect mutations

Question 16

A techniquenused to separate DNA fragments according to their size

Answer 16

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 17

Graphical representation of plasmids

Answer 17

Plasmid Mapping