M4 Flashcards
- use a variety of NATURAL TECHNIQUES to maintain health and/or treat diseases
- the following are the main types:
* Traditional Herb or Botanicals
* Dietary supplement
* Functional Food
* Orthomolecular Medicine
BIOLOGICALLY-BASED THERAPY
- term for the use of PLANTS or PLANT parts to create scents or to develop therapeutic medicinal treatment
- either the WHOLE plant or SPECIFIC plant part is used
- are fresh or dried plants, plant parts, or chemicals extracted from the plants
- include using a mixture of different herbs or a single herb
- used for cosmetics, prescription drugs, and nonprescription drugs
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS
synonyms
herbal medicine
phytotherapy/plant therapy
medical herbalism
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS
PHYTO means
plant
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
used in AYURVEDIC medicine
1900 BC
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
used in TRADITIONAL CHINESE medicine
2700 BC
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
used by SUMERIANS; established the medicinal uses of laurel, caraway, and thyme
5000 years ago
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
ancient EGYPTIANS relied heavily on garlic, opium, myrrh, cumin, caraway, fennel, olive oil, and licorice
1000 BC
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
they relied heavily on garlic, opium, myrrh, cumin, caraway, fennel, olive oil, and licorice
ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
- used QUININE to treat MALARIA and LIME to prevent SCURVY
- obtained DIGITALIS from FOXGLOVE to treat certain HEART CONDITIONS
Native Indians of Peru
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
NATIVE INDIANS OF PERU:
used ____ to treat MALARIA
quinine
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
NATIVE INDIANS OF PERU:
used ____ to prevent SCURVY
lime
deficiency of Vitamin C
scurvy
TRADITIONAL HERB OR BOTANICALS | HISTORY
NATIVE INDIANS OF PERU:
obtained ____ from FOXGLOVE to treat certain heart conditions
digitalis
- a PRACTITIONER and CONTRIBUTOR to the field of herbal medicine
- Native healers, Shamans, Scientist, Nutritionist, Ayurvedic, TCM practitioners, Pharmacist
- academically trained in exam techniques and knowledge of the human body
HERBALIST
combines MODERN scientific concepts with their TRADITIONAL knowledge of herbs
MEDICAL HERBALIST
____ have an institute that specifically focused on herbal medicines
University of the Philippines – INSTITUTE OF HERBAL MEDICINES
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
herbs that are COLLECTED and DRIED, cut, and sifted
CRUDE herbs
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
- may be in liquid or solid form
- 2-100 times as concentrated as crude herbs
CONCENTRATED HERBAL EXTRACTS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
Conc. Herbal Extracts are ____ times as concentrated as CRUDE herbs
2-100 times
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
GROUND crude herbs
POWDERS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
- AQUEOUS extraction of crude herbs and herbal powders
- MOST COMMON preparation of herbal drug
TEAS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
concentrated BREWS made by simmering TOUGHER forms or parts of herbs such as roots, barks, and woody stem
DRIED DECOCTIONS or CONCENTRATED GRANULES
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
HERBAL conctrates or extracts made by SOAKING herbs in solutions, usually ALCOHOL, glycerin, or a vinegar base
TINCTURES
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
TINCTURES are usually soaked in what solution
ALCOHOL
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
concentrates made by STEEPING 1ounce of herbs in 2 cups of water
INFUSIONS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
SUPPOSITORY made from herbs that may be inserted into the rectum or vagina
BOLUS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
powdered herbs, dried decoctions, or concentrated extracts are placed in GELATIN CAPSULES
CAPSULES
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
powdered herbs, dried decoctions, or concentrated herbal extracts are mixed with a BINDING SUBSTANCE and PRESSED into TABLETS
TABLETS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
SEALED GELATIN capsules that hold either tinctures or conc. liquid herbal extracts; contains liquid
GELCAPS
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
2 - 4 quarts of decoction or infusion, strained and then added to a tub of BATHWATER
pangligo yan sha
BATH
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
preparation of a fresh, dry, ground, or powdered herb or herbal mixture that is WRAPPED in THIN COTTON or WOOL CLOTH and APPLIED to the SKIN
pang tapal
POULTICE
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
CLOTH is SOAKED in an infusion or decoctiom from which all the herb has been strained
FOMENTATION
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HERBS
has a liquid base and is RUBBED into sore muscle and joints
LINIMENT
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
COFFEE BEAN
Ephedra sinica
alkaloids
caffeine
ephedrine
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
FOXGLOVE
Digitalis purpurea
cardiac glycosides
(digoxin, digitoxin)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Carrots, Sweet potato, Red & Yellow peppers, Squash, and Tomatoes
carotenoid pigments
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Spinach, Parseley, Kale, Green beans, and Leeks
Chlorophyll
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Almond, Avocado, Aloe vera, Castor, Flaxseed, Evening Primrose
FIXED OILS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
different fruits and vegetables
FLAVONOIDS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Nuts, Seeds, Breads, Vegetables, Fruit, and Wine
Lignans
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Legumes
Phytoestrogens
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Flaxseed, Soybeans, Tofu, Sesame seeds, Blueberries, and Almonds
Phytoprogesterones
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
TONKA BEAN
Dipteryx odorata
coumarins
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
used as rat killers or rodenticide
plant coumarins
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Willow bark
Salicylates & Salicins
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Oats, Beans, Alfalfa, Agave, Fenugreek, and Ginseng
Saponins
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
SOAP-LIKE property that forms a foam when mixed with water
SAPONINS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Coffee, Black tea, Green tea, and Wine
TANNINS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | CHEMICALS PRESENT
Eucalyptus, Garlic, Oregano, Tea tree, Thyme, Ginger, Lemon balm, Rossemary, Peppermint, Chamomile, Fennel, Caraway, Rose, and Lemon
VOLATILE OILS
(essential oils)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- antiSEPTIC
- antiSPASMODIC
- for perfumes
- stimulant
- antiFUNGAL
- insect-repellant
Eucalyptus, Garlic, Oregano, Tea tree, Thyme, Ginger, Lemon balm, Rosemary, Peppermint, Chamomile, Fennel, Caraway, Rose, Lemon
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- ASTRINGENT
- reduce DIARRHEA or intestinal bleeding
Coffee, Black tea, Green tea, Wine
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- used in SHAMPOOS, facial cleansers, cosmetic creams
- reduce blood CHOLESTEROL levels
- boosting immunity
- reduce cancer risk
- reduce bone loss
- antiOXIDANT
Oats, Beans, Alfalfa, Agave, Fenugreek, Ginseng
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- ASPIRIN-like compounds
- pain-relieving
- anti-INFLAMMATORY
Willow bark
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- antiCOAGULANT
TONKA BEAN
Dipteryx odorata
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
an antiCOAGULANT that is derived from COUMARIN
WARFARIN
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- reduce risk of getting heart disease by LOWERING LDL levels
LDL - bad cholesterol
Flaxseed, Soybeans, Tofu, Sesame seeds, Blueberries, and Almonds
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- can act like the hormone ESTROGEN
Legumes
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- reduce risk of getting BREAST CANCER
Nuts, Seeds, Breads, Vegetables, Fruit, and Wine
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- potent antiOXIDANTS
- have anti-INFLAMMATORY and METAL-CHELATING properties
different fruits and vegetables
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- contains nutrients such as minerals, antioxidants, and fat-soluble vitamins
Almond, Avocado, Aloe vera, Castor, Flaxseed, Evening primrose
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- has antiOXIDANT properties
- retards CANCER CELL growth
Spinach, Kale, Parsley, Green beans, Leeks
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- help maintian healthy epithelial tissue and mucous membranes
- aid growth and repair body tissue
Carrots, Sweet potato, Red & Yellow Peppers, Squash, Tomatoes
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- strengthening the force and speed of SYSTOLIC CONTRACTION of the heart
Foxglove
Digitalis purpurea
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF HERBS | USE
- analgesic
- narcotic
- hypotensive
- hypertensive
- bronchodilator
- stimulant
- antimicrobial
- antiinflammatory
Coffe bean, Ephedra Sinica
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
- an antiANXIETY herb
- SE: liver toxicity
KAVA KAVA
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
SE:
Kava Kava
liver toxicity
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
- a SLEEPING AID
- may have the unexpected effect of overstimulating instead of sedating
VALERIAN
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
SE:
Valerian
overstimulation
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
- may increase the risk of BLEEDING
Garlic, Ginkgo, Feverfew, Ginger
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
- may increase the risk of SEIZURES in people who have seizure disorders
EVENING PRIMROSE
Oenothera biennis
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
- for MILD DEPRESSION
- makes the skin MORE SENSITIVE to the SUN’s UV which results in an allergic reaction (photosensitive)
- enzyme INDUCER
ST. JOHN’S WORT
HERBS WITH SIDE EFFECTS
SE:
St. John’s Wort
photosensitivity
- also known as Food supplement
- defined as any porduct that is intended to supplement the diet that is taken by moutn in tablet, capsule, powder, or gelcap form
- the vitamins and minerals that we consumed from the food we eat are NOT ENOUGH or SUFFICIENT to sustain our body need that’s why we have ____ to meet our dietary needs
- mainly contains one or more of the following: a vitamin, mineral, herb, amino acid, enzymes, metabolites, extracts, or any combination of those
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS is also known as
FOOD SUPPLEMENT
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
source of PROTEIN
SPIRULINA
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
rich source of ESSENTIAL FATTY ACCIDS such as omega 3 or omega 6
FLAXSEED OIL
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
used as MEMORY ENHANCER
Gingko biloba
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
for patients with RHEUMATOID ARHTRITIS; good for the JOINTS
Glucosamine Chondroitin
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
FISH OIL with omega 3 fatty acids; good for the HEART
CARDICLEAR
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
good for HEART
CoQ10
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
given for UTI
Cranberry
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
for the LIVER and given together with chemotherapeutic agent
L-Glutathion
NOT APPROVED FOR SKIN WHITENING
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
DIFFICULTY to SLEEP; contain MELATONIN
Sleepasil
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT may be RECOMMENDED to
- Pregnant and Breastfeeding Moms
- Women with heavy meanstrual bleeding
- Children (picky eaters)
- Infants
- People with severe food restrictions
- strict vegetarians
- Geriatrics
- any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit BEYOND the traiditonal nutrients it contains
- demonstrated physiological benefits and can reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions, including maintenance of gut health
- provides the body with the required amount of vitamins, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc., needed for its healthy survival
FUNCTIONAL FOOD
FUNCTIONAL FOOD is also called as
NEUTRACEUTICALS
consumed on their NATURAL STATE; NOT modified
ex. fruit and vegetable
CONVENTIONAL FOOD
may be modified, enhanced or fortified in order to increase their nutritional benefits
FUNCTIONAL FOOD
FOOD FORTIFICATION
the Act for SALT IODIZATION Nationawide (ASIN LAW)
ASIN LAW / RA 8172
FOOD FORTIFICATION
- law for the requirement of the addition of IODINE to salt intended for the animal and human consumption in order to eliminate micronutrient malnutrition in the county
ASIN LAW / RA 8172
FOOD FORTIFICATION
- mandates the fortification of FLOUR with Vitamin A and IRON, SUGAR wiith Vitamin A, COOKING OIL with Vitamin A, and RICE with Iron
- Vitamin A, Iodine, Iron
The Philippine Food Fortification Act of 2000
RA 8976
FOOD FORTIFICATION
The Philippine food Fortification Act of 2000
RA 8976
FOOD FORTIFICATION
- a strategy to encourage food manufactureres to fortify PROCESSED FOODS or food products with ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS at levels approved by the Department of Health
SANGKAP PINOY SEAL PROGRAM (SPSP)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- maintain a healthy DIGESTIVE TRACT
- reduce the risk of cancer
INSOLUBLE FIBER
(wheat bran, corn bran, fruit skins)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Wheat bran
Corn bran
Fruit skins
INSOLUBLE FIBER
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
reduce risk of CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Beta-Glucan
(Oat brain, Oatmeal, Oat flour, Barley, Rye)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- Oat bran
- Oatmeal
- Oat flour
- Barley
- Rye
BETA-GLUCAN
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
reduce risk of CHD and canceer
SOLUBLE FIBER
(Psyllium seed husk, Peas, Beans)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- Psyllium seed husk
- Peas
- Beans
SOLUBLE FIBER
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- reduce risk of CHD
- help to maintain BLOOD GLUCOSE levels
WHOLE GRAINS
(Cereal grains, Whole wheat bread, Brown rice)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- Cereal grains
- Whole wheat bread
- Brown rice
WHOLE GRAINS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
help to maintain HEART HEALTH
Cocoa, tea
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
improve GI health, strengthens immunity, benefits are strain-specific
PROBIOTICS - good bacteria
(Yeast, Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- Yeast
- Lactobacilli
- Bifidobacteria
PROBIOTICS
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
increase the probiotics in the gut (FOOD FOR PROBIOTICS), improve calcium absorption
PREBIOTICS
(Inulin, Fructo-oligosaccharides)
FUNCTIONAL FOODS
- Inulin
- Fructo-oligosaccahrides
PREBIOTICS
- term coined in 1968 by LINUS PAULING, the best-known advocate of megadosing (more than the daily allowance)
- defiend as a preventive or therapeutic use of HIGH-DOSE vitamins to treat disease
ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE
ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE is also called as
Orthomolecular Nutrition
ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE
is coined in what year
1968
ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE
is coined by the best-known advocate of MEGADOSING
LINUS PAULING
ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE
LINUS PAULING is the best-known advocate of ____
MEGADOSING
when a medication DRAMATICALLY DEPLETES or DESTROYS the stores or blocks the functions of vitamins or minerals, ____ can overcome these effects
MEGADOSING
can deplete VIT. B6
Isoniazid
MEGADOSES
people with MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES such as ____ often take large nutrient doses to compensate nutritive losses and to override intestinal barriers to absorption
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
MEGADOSES
____ can overcome the malabsorption seen in PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
B12 deficiency
megadoses of VIT. B12
B12 deficiency
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
MEGADOSES
____ at a higher dose (500-2000mg) lowers BLOOD LIPID levels
NIACIN
Vit. B3
MEGADOSES
dose of NIACIN for lowering blood lipid levels
500 - 2000mg
VITAMINS
B1
Thiamine
VITAMINS
B2
Riboflavin
VITAMINS
B3
Niacin
VITAMINS
B5
Panthotenic acid
VITAMINS
B6
Pyridoxine
VITAMINS
B9
Folic acid
VITAMINS
B12
Cobalamin
VITAMINS
WATER SOLUBLE vitamins
VIT. B & C
VITAMINS
FAT-SOLUBLE vitamins
VIT. ADEK
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
- CONSTIPATION
- black color stool
IRON
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
**DIARRHEA*
Vitamin C
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
breakthrough SEIZURES for those on anti-seizures
FOLIC ACID
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
disrupts balance of BLOOD-CLOTTING medication
vit. K
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
BLEEDING PROBLEMS during surgery
VIT. E
DRAWBACKS OF MEGADOSING
counteract some CHEMOTHERAPHY and RADIATION treatment
antioxidant supplement
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
religious leader
babaylan
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
herbalist
albularyo
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
traditional MASSAGE therapists
manghihilot
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
traditional MIDWIVES, hilot
magpapaanak
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
an albularyo which MERGES folkloric medicine with some MAINSTREAM medicine
mediko
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARLY MEDICINAL PRACTICES:
* the ____ used the BRAIN of RABID DOGS to treat dog bites
OLD CURANDEROS
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARLY MEDICINAL PRACTICES:
the ____ (similar to coconut oil) was used for the treatment of CHOLERA
OIL OF MONUNGAL
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARLY MEDICINAL PRACTICES:
____ were used in the production of VACCINES
CARABALLA CALVES
HISTORY OF MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES
EARLY MEDICINAL PRACTICES:
the use of ____ as form of HYDDROTHERAPY
NATURAL SPRINGS
required LABEL for FOOD REGISTERED (FR)
NO APPROVED THERAPEUTIC CLAIM
DR
DRUG REGISTERED
HMR
HERBAL MEDICINE REGISTERED
Reiteration of the FDA Requirement for the Change in the Use of the Message/Phrase “No Approved Therapeutic Claim” in Filipino as: “Mahalagang Paalala: Ang (Name of Product) ay Hindi Gamot at Hindi Dapat Gamiting Panggamot sa Anumang Uri ng Sakit” in all Advertisements, Promotional, and/or Sponsorhip Activities or Materials.
FDA MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR 2015-003
WHEN did the Court of Appeals upheld DOH-FDA Administrative Order 2010-0008
NOV. 28, 2014
Directive Specific to Change in the Use of the Phrase, “No Approved Therapeutic Claim, in all Advertisements, Promotional, and/or Sponsorship Activities or Materials concerning Food/Dietary Supplements.”
DOH-FDA AO 2010-0008
The use of medicinal herbs in the Philippines has been documented and published as early as
1712
Department of Health through its ____ endorsed 10 medicinal plants to be used as herbal medicine in the Philippines
TRADITIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-CHOLESTEROL
BAWANG
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-FUNGAL
AKAPULKO
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
antiSEPTIC
BAYABAS
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
ANALGESIC
YERBA BUENA
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
lowers URIC ACID
PANSIT-PANSITAN
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-ASTHMA
LAGUNDI
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-DIABETIC
AMPALAYA
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-HELMINTHIC
NIYOG-NIYOGAN
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
anti-DIARRHEAL
TSAANG GUBAT
10 MEDICINAL PLANTS
for URINARY STONES
SAMBONG