M4 Flashcards
what makes the link between glycolysis and citic acid cycle?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex because that is where pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, the starter for citric Acid cycle
what are the products from citric acid cycle
3NADH
2CO2
1ATP
1QH2
what are the products from glycolysis
Pyruvate
NADH (reduced form)
ubiquinol is the reduced form of ubiquinone. True or false?
True
Ubiquinone vs ubiquinol; which is the active form?
ubiquinol is the active form
The static parts of the ATP synthase molecule are
alpha, beta parts of the F1
Peripheral stalk
small part attached to the c part in the Fo
moving or rotatory parts of the ATP synthase are
The circle c part in Fo
The gamma part attached to it
there’s less of protons (hydrogen ) in what parts of the mitochondria and there’s more where?
There’s less in the matrix
And more in the intermembrane space due to the electron transport chain
what are the steps in Citric acid cycle that produce NADH and QH2( or FADH2)
isocitrate- alphaketo– NADH
alphaketo- succinyl CoA– NADH
succinate-fumarate– makes QH2
malate- oxaloacetate– NADH
What are the steps in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP(or GTP)?
Just 1 because there’s only 1 ATP
Succinyl CoA- Succinate
which specific part of the mitochondria houses the ATP synthase?
the cristae membrane
the matrix of the mitochondria is made up of
All the citirc acid cycle stuff, ribosomes, DNA,
What type of metabolism is glycolysis?
Anaerobic because it doesn’t require energy
what’s the difference between the by products gotten from fermentation of lactic acid and formation of acetyl coA
They both produce Carbon dioxide and NADH but lactate gives 1 each while acetyl coA gives 2 each
Chemiosmosis occurs in many organelles of the cell.
True or false
False
Chemiosmosis happens in the mitochondria, because it uses the electrochemical proton gradient to produce ATP. A process that only happens in the mitochondria or chloroplasts in plants.
Exergonic means
Spontaneous and doesn’t require energy
Endergonic means
Non spontaneous and requires energy
The E.T.C is what type of process: Exergonic or Endergonic?
Exergonic
The ATP synthase pumps protons through or against it’s gradient?
Against and it’s an endergonic process so it requires energy gotten from the ETC
Prosthetic groups are & examples
Non-protein groups that attach to protein and help them
Ex: FAD,FMN
In the transfer of H+ through ETC, 1H+ is used specifically for what?
In a symport to pump Phosphate into the matrix to be used by the ATP synthase to make ATP
What protein permits rapid thermogenesis in cells?
An uncoupling protein (desacoplador)
How much ATP is produced per NADH
2.5 ATP
Total ATP formed through ATP synthase
32 ATP
pumping of H+ ions from the lumen of tilacoids into the stroma is an exergonic or endergonic and what does it mean?
Endergonic, means that it requires energy, especially that it uses ATP synthase which is an active transporter
how many water molecules are oxidized in Photosynthesis?
2H2O molecules
what is the element found in chlorophyll?
Magnesium
The flow of electrons from water to NADP+ in photosynthesis is only made possible by:
The coupling of reactions of PS1 & PS2
P680+ is the most powerful oxidizing agent in biology; T or false
True
Where is energy gotten for the carbon fixation reaction?
From the photosynthesis, the ATP and NADPH produced
all other photoosynthetic bacteria except cianobacteria have what type of photosystem
PS1 and are anoxygenic (don’t produce oxygen)
what are the reaction centres in chlorophylls made of?
A pair of polypeptides
transfer of electrons in the reaction centre happens from what to what?
Chlorophyll molecules (primary donors) to electron acceptors
what are the electron acceptors in each photosystem?
quinone in Photosystem 1 and, FeS in photosystem 2
