M4

Question 1

what makes the link between glycolysis and citic acid cycle?

Answer 1

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex because that is where pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, the starter for citric Acid cycle

Question 2

what are the products from citric acid cycle

Answer 2

3NADH
2CO2
1ATP
1QH2

Question 3

what are the products from glycolysis

Answer 3

Pyruvate
NADH (reduced form)

Question 4

ubiquinol is the reduced form of ubiquinone. True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Ubiquinone vs ubiquinol; which is the active form?

Answer 5

ubiquinol is the active form

Question 6

The static parts of the ATP synthase molecule are

Answer 6

alpha, beta parts of the F1
Peripheral stalk
small part attached to the c part in the Fo

Question 7

moving or rotatory parts of the ATP synthase are

Answer 7

The circle c part in Fo
The gamma part attached to it

Question 8

there’s less of protons (hydrogen ) in what parts of the mitochondria and there’s more where?

Answer 8

There’s less in the matrix
And more in the intermembrane space due to the electron transport chain

Question 9

what are the steps in Citric acid cycle that produce NADH and QH2( or FADH2)

Answer 9

isocitrate- alphaketo– NADH
alphaketo- succinyl CoA– NADH
succinate-fumarate– makes QH2
malate- oxaloacetate– NADH

Question 10

What are the steps in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP(or GTP)?

Answer 10

Just 1 because there’s only 1 ATP
Succinyl CoA- Succinate

Question 11

which specific part of the mitochondria houses the ATP synthase?

Answer 11

the cristae membrane

Question 12

the matrix of the mitochondria is made up of

Answer 12

All the citirc acid cycle stuff, ribosomes, DNA,

Question 13

What type of metabolism is glycolysis?

Answer 13

Anaerobic because it doesn’t require energy

Question 14

what’s the difference between the by products gotten from fermentation of lactic acid and formation of acetyl coA

Answer 14

They both produce Carbon dioxide and NADH but lactate gives 1 each while acetyl coA gives 2 each

Question 15

Chemiosmosis occurs in many organelles of the cell.
True or false

Answer 15

False
Chemiosmosis happens in the mitochondria, because it uses the electrochemical proton gradient to produce ATP. A process that only happens in the mitochondria or chloroplasts in plants.

Question 16

Exergonic means

Answer 16

Spontaneous and doesn’t require energy

Question 17

Endergonic means

Answer 17

Non spontaneous and requires energy

Question 18

The E.T.C is what type of process: Exergonic or Endergonic?

Answer 18

Exergonic

Question 19

The ATP synthase pumps protons through or against it’s gradient?

Answer 19

Against and it’s an endergonic process so it requires energy gotten from the ETC

Question 20

Prosthetic groups are & examples

Answer 20

Non-protein groups that attach to protein and help them
Ex: FAD,FMN

Question 21

In the transfer of H+ through ETC, 1H+ is used specifically for what?

Answer 21

In a symport to pump Phosphate into the matrix to be used by the ATP synthase to make ATP

Question 22

What protein permits rapid thermogenesis in cells?

Answer 22

An uncoupling protein (desacoplador)

Question 23

How much ATP is produced per NADH

Answer 23

2.5 ATP

Question 24

Total ATP formed through ATP synthase

Answer 24

32 ATP

Question 25

pumping of H+ ions from the lumen of tilacoids into the stroma is an exergonic or endergonic and what does it mean?

Answer 25

Endergonic, means that it requires energy, especially that it uses ATP synthase which is an active transporter

Question 26

how many water molecules are oxidized in Photosynthesis?

Answer 26

2H2O molecules

Question 27

what is the element found in chlorophyll?

Answer 27

Magnesium

Question 28

The flow of electrons from water to NADP+ in photosynthesis is only made possible by:

Answer 28

The coupling of reactions of PS1 & PS2

Question 29

P680+ is the most powerful oxidizing agent in biology; T or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Where is energy gotten for the carbon fixation reaction?

Answer 30

From the photosynthesis, the ATP and NADPH produced

Question 31

all other photoosynthetic bacteria except cianobacteria have what type of photosystem

Answer 31

PS1 and are anoxygenic (don’t produce oxygen)

Question 32

what are the reaction centres in chlorophylls made of?

Answer 32

A pair of polypeptides

Question 33

transfer of electrons in the reaction centre happens from what to what?

Answer 33

Chlorophyll molecules (primary donors) to electron acceptors

Question 34

what are the electron acceptors in each photosystem?

Answer 34

quinone in Photosystem 1 and, FeS in photosystem 2