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NCM 106 > M3B - ANTIMICROBIAL > Flashcards

M3B - ANTIMICROBIAL Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive Microorganisms

A

Staphylococcus Aureus
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Group B Streptococcus
Clostridium Perfringens

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2
Q

Gram Negative Microorganisms

A

Neisseria Meningitides
Escherichia Coli
Haemophilus Influenzae

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3
Q

Selective Toxicity (3 ways of action)

A

Disruption of bacterial cell wall
Inhibition on enzyme unique to bacteria
Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

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4
Q

Topical antimicrobial that inhibits growth and reproduction without necessarily killing MOs

A

Antiseptic

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5
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A

Penicillin

Cephalosporins

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6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Tetracycline

Sulfonamides

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7
Q

Administration of meds based on practitioner’s presumptive treatment of an infection

A

Emperic Therapy

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8
Q

Inhibition of cell wall (Bactericidal Effect) (Drugs) (PCBV)

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
Vancomycin

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9
Q

Alteration of Membrane Permeability (Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal) (Drugs) (ANPC)

A

Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Polymyxin
Colistin

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10
Q

Inhibition of Protein Synthesis (Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal) (Drugs) (ATEL)

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
Lincomycin

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11
Q

Inhibition of synthesis of bacterial RNA & DNA

A

Fluoroquinolones

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12
Q

Interference with cellular metabolism (Bacteriostatic) (Drugs) (STINR)

A 
Sulfonamides 
Trimethoprim
Isoniazid (INH)
Nalidixic acid 
Rifampin
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13
Q

Infection acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure

A

Community-associated infections

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14
Q

Infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment for another condition in the healthcare facility

A

Healthcare-associated infection | Nasocomial infection

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15
Q

Healthcare-associated infection

CLABI
CAUTI
SSI
VAP
MRSA
A

CLABI - Central-Line Associated Blood Infection
CAUTI - Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection
SSI - Surgical Site Infection
VAP - Ventilator Associatd Pneumonia
MRSA - Methicillin-Resistant Stphalococcus Aureus

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16
Q

Growth of MOs on the skin, open wounds, mucous membrane etc. without causing infection, no need for antibiotic treatment.

A

Colonization

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17
Q

Occurs when antibiotics reduce/completely eliminate normal flora permitting fungi or other bacteria to take over and cause infection

A

Superinfection

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18
Q

The genetic abnormality that results in enzyme deficiency.

A

G6PD

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19
Q

G6PD + ______; _______; ________ = hemolysis

Drugs

A

Sulfonamides
Nitrofurantoin
Dapsone

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20
Q

Many antibiotics that pass through the placenta can cause harm to developing fetus.

A

Teratogens

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21
Q

Identify the organism and check which antibiotics will work.

A

Culture & Sensitivity

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22
Q

Cell wall synthesis (MOA) (Drugs)

A 
Beta-lactams
Vancomycin
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Cycloserine 
Ethionamide
Bacitracin
Polymyxin
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23
Q

DNA Replication

A

Quinolones

Metronidazole

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24
Q

RNA Synthesis

A

Rifampin

Rifabutin

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25
Q

Protein Synthesis (50S Ribosomes)

A

Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Streptogramins

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26
Q

Protein Synthesis (30S Ribosomes)

A

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Oxazolidinone

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27
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Sulfonamides
Dapsone
Trimethoprim
Para-aminosalicylic acid

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28
Q

Sulfonamides (Indication)

A

Effective against Gram (+) and Gram (-) MOS
Treatment of UTIs
Respiratory Tract Infection
Prophylaxis
Treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV (P. Jirovecii)

29
Q

Sulfonamides (Medications)

A

Sulfamethoxazole - combined with trimethoprim

Sulfisoxazole - combined with erythromycin

Sulfasalazine - treat ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis

Bactrim Forte

Cotrimoxazole

30
Q

Sulfonamides (MOA)

A

Anti-metabolites

Inhibit growth by preventing bacterial synthesis of folic acid interrupting the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

31
Q

Penicillin (Beta Lactam) [MOA]

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

32
Q

Penicillin (Beta Lactam) [Indication]

A

Effective against Gram (+) MOs, extended-spectrum is capable of killing both (+) and (-) and anaerobic coverage.

33
Q

Natural Penicillin (Type)

A

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Benzathine pen G

Spectrum - narrow spectrum; gram (+); penicillinase sensitive

34
Q

Penicillinase resistant (Type)

A 
Methicillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

Spectrum - narrow spectrum; gram (+); synthesized to be penicillinase-resistant

35
Q

Aminopenicillins (Type)

A

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

Spectrum - broad-spectrum; some gram (-) activity also; penicillinase sensitive

36
Q

Extended Spectrum (Type)

A 
Azlocillin
Carbenicillin
Mezlocillin 
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin

Spectrum - active against pseudomonas; relatively ineffective against gram (-) organisms

37
Q

Penicillin with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors (Medications)

A

Amoxicillin - Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Piperacillin - Tazabactam (Zosyn)

Ampicillin - Silbactam (Unasyn)

38
Q

Penicillin (Nursing Intervention)

all penicillin has a risk for allergic reaction

Allergic Reaction

  • Immediate: 20 min after admin.:
  • Accelerated: 1 - 72 hrs.:
  • Late Acceleration: 72 hrs. to several weeks:
A

Allergic Reaction

  • Immediate: 20 min after admin.: apprehension, itching, paresthesia, wheezing, choking, fever, edema, urticaria
  • Accelerated: 1 - 72 hrs.: Urticaria
  • Late Acceleration: 72 hrs. to several weeks: Skin rashes
39
Q

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactam) [MOA}

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bacterocidal)

40
Q

Cephalosporins (Beta-Lactam) [Indication]

3rd gen:
4th gen:

A

3rd gen: prophylaxis (nosocomial infection)

4th gen: MOs w/ multiple drug resistance

41
Q

First Generation Cephalosporin (Type) [Medication]

A

Cefazolin
Cephalexin

Spectrum- narrow-spectrum similar to broad-spectrum penicillins, sensitive to B-lactamases

42
Q

Second Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medicatino]

A

Cefaclor
Cefamandole
Cefoxitin

Spectrum - increased activity toward gram (-) MOs; increased stability

43
Q

Third Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medication]

A

Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone

Spectrum - even broader in spectrum and more resistant to B-lactamases

44
Q

Fourth Generation Cephalosporins (Type) [Medication]

A

Cefepime
Cefpirome

Spectrum - Gram (+) and gram (-) act.; against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; includes gram (-) MOS w/ multiple drug resistance patterns

45
Q

Carbapenem (Beta Lactam) [MOA]

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (bacterocidal)

46
Q

Carbapenem (Beta Lactam) [Indication]

A

Broadest activity, reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infection

Gram (+)

47
Q

Carbapenem (Beta-Lactam) [Medication]

A

Imipenem/Cilastatin
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem

48
Q

Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [MOA]

A

Inhibit bacterial bell wall synthesis (bactericidal)

49
Q

Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [Indication]

A

Aerobic gram (-) bacteria

Treatment of moderately severe systemic infections and UTIs

DOC for Pseudomonas

50
Q

Monobactam (Beta-Lactam) [Medication]

A

Aztreonam

51
Q

Macrolides [MOA}

A

Inhibit protein synthesis; bacteriostatic to bactericidal

52
Q

Macrolides (Indication)

A

Gram (+) and (-) and some protozoa, acne.

DOC for chlamydia, mycoplasma, ricketssia, H. pylori, Cholera, Photosensitivity, Candidiasis

53
Q

Macrolides (Medication)

A

Demeclocycline
Oxytetracycline
Tetracycline

54
Q

Aminoglycosides (MOA)

A

Inhibit protein synthesis (bacterocidal)

55
Q

Aminoglycosides (Indication)

A

Serious gram (+) and (-) MOs

56
Q

Aminoglycosides (Medication)

A

Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin

57
Q

Quinolones (MOA)

A

Alter DNA (bactericidal)

58
Q

Quinolones (Indication)

A

Gram (-) nad some gram (+) UTI and respiratory tract infections.

59
Q

Quinolones (Medication)

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

60
Q

Vancomycin (Indication)

A

Only effective against gram-positive organisms

Poorly absorbed orally

Cause cytotoxicity (tinnitus, high-tone daefness, hearing loss)

61
Q

Bacitracin (SE/Usage)

A

Causes serious nephrotoxicity

Better to be used only topically

62
Q

Clindamycin (Must know)

A

Penetrates most tissues including bone

Effective against anaerobes `

Difficle is resistant to clindamycin

63
Q

Chloramphenicol (Indications)

A

Effective against most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria except P.

Associated with bone marrow depression (aplastic anemia [fatal])

Reserved for life-threatening infections d/t serious side effects

Produces gray baby syndrome (fatal) – hypotension and cyanosis

64
Q

Use sun block to TAN:

A

Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
NSAIDS

65
Q

EAR no more (tinnitus as side effects)

A

Erythromycin

Aminoglycosides

66
Q

No TEA for Children!

A

Tetracycline

Aspirin

67
Q

Antibitotics

A 
Sulfonamides 
Penicillin (beta-lactam)
Cephalosporins (beta-lactam)
Carbapenem (beta-lactam)
Monobactam (beta-lactam)
Macrolides 
Tetracyclines 
Aminoglycosides 
Quinolones 
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
68
Q

First line Antitubercolusis Drugs (IRES)

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

69
Q

Antifungal Drug Groups

A 
Polyenes
Azoles
Antimetabolic
Antiprotozoals 
Echinocandins

NCM 106 (6 decks)

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