M3: Types of Data

Question 1

What is Quantitative Data?

Answer 1

– Data gathered such that they canbe quantified (numbers!)
– Examine relationships among variables
– Determine if discoveries are generalizable
– Statistical analysis

Question 2

What is Qualitative Data?

Answer 2

– Data are gathered such that they can beanalyzed through informed judgment (think words!)
– Smaller focused samples
– Focus is on the complexity of thephenomenon

Question 3

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Answer 3

Question 4

What is Mixed Method Data?

Answer 4

– Both quantitative and qualitative methods are included within a research study
– Is more than simply collecting and analyzing both kinds of data
– The strength of the study is greater than either approach alone

Question 5

What are 3 ways to collect Quantitative Data?

Answer 5

1. Quantitative Surveys
2. Performance Measures
3. Physical/Physiological Measures

Question 6

What do Quantitative Surveys Measure?

Answer 6

Measures of:
– Thoughts
– Perceptions
– Attitudes
– Personality
– Emotions
– Behaviours

Question 7

How are Quantitative Surveys Collected?

Answer 7

Guided by theory
– Theories guide conceptual framework for measurement
– Trait or State?
– One-dimension or Multi-dimensional

Question 8

Quantitative Survey Example

Answer 8

Question 9

1. Quantitative Surveys
   * Quantitative data, usually self-report (!)
   * Validity & Reliability
   * Response Biases

What are 4 Charcteristics of Quantitative Surveys?

Answer 9

• Social Desirability
• Acquiescence
• Extremity
• Leniency

Question 10

Quant

What is Social Desirability?

Answer 10

• Responses that make the responder look better

Question 11

Quant

What is Acquiescence?

Answer 11

Tendency for survey respondents to agree with statements regardless of their contentparticularly when they are unsure of the answer
– Vaping is just as bad for you as regularcigarettes

Question 12

Qunat

What is Extremity?

Answer 12

Tendency to endorse the most extreme response categories regardless of the question

Question 13

Quant

What is Leniency?

Answer 13

Unrealistically favourable rating to a known person

Question 14

What are examples of Performance Measures?

Answer 14

• Speed, accuracy
• Reaction time
• Force
• Balance/stability
• Motion analysis/range of motion
• Movement skills

Question 15

What are examples of Physical/Physiological Measures?

Answer 15

• Weight, height, BMI, body fat, lean mass etc.
• Blood pressure, CV disease indicators, hormones, cardiac output, lung volume, resting metabolic rate, etc.
• MRI & fMRI, CAT scans
• Micronutrients (vitamins/minerals)