M3: Qualitative Data Collection Flashcards
What are the 4 methods of
Data Collection in Qualitative Research?
- Interviews
- Observations
- Visual Methods
- Media
What is an Interview?
“A conversation with a purpose” (Kvale,1996)
- To discover participant experiences
- To learn what meaning a particular experience has
- To uncover things we cannot directly observe
- Participants perform during interviews
- Direct quotations about experiences, feelings, opinions, and knowledge
What is a structured interview?
- All participants: same questions, same order
- Reflects a deductive approach (you are trying to confirm a theory)
What are the Pros and Cons of a
Structured Interview?
PROS
- Consistent
- Easier to establish Patterns
- Less influence from researcher
CONS
- Not as in depth
MOST COMMON
What is a Semi-structured Interview?
- All participants: asked about same broad topics, but may focus more on some areas
- More inductive (most popular; trying to inform theory)
- “Bottom Up”
What are the pros of Semi-structured Interview?
- Participants can direct convo to meaningful topics
- interviewer is more involved
What is an Unstructured Interview?
Unstructured (Informal Conversational Interviews)
- Maximum flexibility, spontaneous questioning
- Participant can lead the conversation
- removes power dynamic
What is a Focus Group?
- Bringing together people to talk about a topic
- Typically participants have a characteristic(s) in common
- Create dialogue about a certain topic (different convo)
- Often combined with interviews (1 on 1)
What are the Pros and Cons of Focus Groups?
Pro: participants more comforatble, empowered
Con: Harder to maintain confidentiality
- Differentiate b/w an interview & an everyday conversation
- Describe why researchers would utilize interviews
- Identify 3 contexts in which interviews would be effective
- Describe 4 strengths of collecting qualitative data through interviews
- Describe 3 challenges related to conducting interviews
- Understand why interviews are both an art and a science
By the end of this video students should be able to:
- Not an equal contribution, interviewer asks questions and mostly listens, participant talks
- understand how participants experieince, percieve everyday events
- gather general info, compliment quant research, get in depth infor about experience
- detailed info, verbal, non-verbal cues, flexible (new info not planned), build trust and obtain personal info
- Time cosuming, gathering participants, takes patience, combine warmed and profesionalism, properly conduct an interview, need to be attentive, respectful of feeling
- Need skills from both
How should Interviews be constructed?
Examples
Create a short interview guide:
- 1 question on a topic you want to ask a fellow student about their KIN experience
- 2 probes or follow-up questions
Observations
What should a researcher do at the start of an interview
“… initially, keep your eyes and ears open, but keep your mouth shut” (Polsky, 1969, p.121)
- Detailed descriptions of behaviours, actions, interactions
- To observe the research setting first-hand
- To contextualize our understanding of participants’ experiences
What should you look for when thinking of your follow up questions?
- Looking for what is there, and what isn’t there…. and that which may escape the awareness of the people in the setting – Ask yourself, what are you not seeing?
- Learn things that people may be unwillingto talk about in an interview
- Field notes, Go Pro, digital handheld video recorder, mobile phone
What are the Types of Visual Methods?
- Found visual data
- Co-constructed visual data
What is Found Visual Data?
- Pre-existing representations already in the field
- Studying excerpts from records, diaries, policy documents, photos
What is Co-constructed visual data?
- Researcher and participant create visual data together
(i.e. auto-photography) - Drawings
Visual Methods
Where do children play in their neighbourhoods?
Whar are examples of Media
in Qual Data Collection?
- Newspapers, magazines, books, films, television programs, social media
- Internet research
What is Virtual ethnography?
Researchers immerse themselves in onlinecommunity
→ Online sites, chat rooms, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, email
