M3 Flashcards
represent chemical changes or reactions, and
they show the reactants, products and the relative amounts involved.
Chemical equations
the substances that react
Reactants
the substance formed called
Products
two reactants combine to give one product
Combination
A + B → AB
Combination
H2 (g) +O2 (g) → H2O(l)
Combanation
A single substance is decomposed, or
broken down, to give to or more different
substances.
Decomposition
AB→ A + B
Decomposition
2H2O2 (l) → 2H2O(l) + O2 (g)
Decomposition
One element reacts with a compound to replace
one of the elements of that compound, yielding a
different element and a different compound
Single replacement
A + BC → B + AC or A + BC → C + BA
Single replacement
2Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2ZnCl2(aq) + H2 (g)
Single replacement
Two compounds exchange partners with each
other to produce two different compounds.
Double displacement
AB + CD → AD + CB
Double displacement
NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
Double displacement
used to determine if a
liquid or solution is basic (alkaline) or
acidic.
Litmus paper
Neutral
Red litmus remains red
Blue remains blue
Red litmus turns blue
Blue litmus remains blue
Base
Red litmus remains red
Blue litmus turns red
Acid
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
Combination
MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
Combination
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Decomposition
Weight Loss results to
Evolution of gass
Pag may compound na may hydroxide
Basic yan
Blue litmus turns to red
Acid
Red litmus turns to blue
Basic
Neutral Ph scale
7
Acidic ph scale
1
Basic ph scale
14
2Mg+ oxygen
2MgO
MgO+H2O
Mg(OH)2
Weightloss means
evolution of gas
yung product nagiging reactants
Decomposition
AgCl+O2
AgClO2
H2+FeSO4
Fe+H2SO4
ZnCl2
2Zn+2Cl
KBr+H2O
HBr+K2O
Chemical reactions that can occur
in either direction are called
Reversible reaction
Most reversible reactions
Do not go to completion
In a reversible reaction, posibleng ____
Bumalik pa sila aa dati nilang form
the capital letters represent
Formulas
the lowercase letters represent
stoichiometric
coefficients
Double arrow means
the reaction is reversible
Chemical equilibrium exists when___
two opposing
reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate.
Reversible reactions meaning
Chemical reactions that can occur in either direction
Inidcated by arrows pointed in both directions
Reversible reactions
When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve the stress.
Le Chatelier’s principle
How many types of stress
3
Enumerate the 3 types of stress
- Change in concentration
- Change in Pressure/Volume (for gas olnly)
- Change in temperature
Based on Le chatelier’s principle, Once a reacting system reached its equilibrium, ___
It will remain at its equilibrium until it is disturbed by a change of condition
Based on Le Chatelier’s principle, If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by
changing its conditions (applying a stress),
____
the system shifts in the direction that
reduces the stress.
Increasing the reactant , the reaction shift to the ___, favoring the _____ reaction, forming ____ products.
Right, Forward, More
Mnemonics for Forward
RiFM
Mnemonics for reverse
LeRL
Decreasing the reactant, the equilibrium will shift to the ___&, favoring the ___ reaction, giving you _____ products.
Left, reverse, less
Addition of water
Does not affect the equilibrium
Releases heat
Exothermic
Assume heat as product
Exothermic
Assume heat as reactant
Endothermic
Absorbs heat
Endothermic
At high temperature
The equilibrium shifts to the right
At low temperature
The equilibrium shifts to the left
Will changes in pressure greatly affect the concentrations of solid & liquid?
No
Changes in pressure cause —- in concentration of gases
Significant changes
As the pressure increases
> The volume decreases
Shifts to the right
favors forward reaction
when the pressure decreases
v?
d?
type?
> The volume increases
Shifts to the left
Favors reverse reaction
Adding a ___ to a system changes
the rate of the reaction (speeds up),
Catalyst
The catalyst does
Speeds up reaction but does not affect/ shift the
equilibrium in favor of either
products or reactants.
The point in which the reactants and
products do not change in time.
Chemical equilibrium
the rates of
forward and reverse reaction are
equal to reactants and products being
created at the same rate.
Equilibrium
3 ways that reactions rates can be increased
- Changes in concentration
- Changes in pressure
- Changes in temperature
If a system at equilibrium is disturbed
by changing its conditions (applying a
stress), the system shifts in the
direction that reduces the stress.
Le Chatelier’s principle
Increase of pressure, decrease of volume, ___, ___
Right, Forward
Pressure decrease, volume increase, ____, ____
Left, reverse
Changes the rate
Catalyst
refers to the amount of reactants converted to
produce in a unit of time
Rate of reaction
The study of rates of chemical reactions
Chemical Kinetics
4 factors affecting the rates of reaction
- Nature of Reactants
- Concentration of Reactants
- Presence of Catalyst
- Temperature
A more reactive metals can displace the ___
Less reactive metal
Substance that speeds up chemical reaction
Catalyst
A more reactive metal can
Displace the less reactive metal
Catalyst does noy affect
does not affect equilibrium
does not affect the amount of product
Kl is a
Catalyst
Positive catalyst
Substance which increases the rate of reaction
Negative catalyst
Substance that decreases the rate of reaction
When you increase the temperature of any solution,
it increases the average kinetic energy of the components
As tge kinetic energy increases
the components move faster & collide into each other more frequently in a given amount of time
The increase in activity & energy
Increases the reaction rate to arrive at the end product more quickly
Mnemonics for the factors of rates
NCPT
exists when two opposing
reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate
Chemical equilibrium
Pag pressure onti lang epekto ang epekto sa
Solid & liquid
Reactiveness
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
