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Quality Control > M3-1 INTRODUCTION TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS - PART 2 - > Flashcards

M3-1 INTRODUCTION TO TITRIMETRIC ANALYSIS; NEUTRALIZATION TITRATIONS - PART 2 - Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of active constituent in sample

A

ANALYTE

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2
Q

Amount of solution with known concentration

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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3
Q

Chemical Equivalence

A

end point

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4
Q

Analytical method

A

TITRIMETRY (Titrimetric Analysis)

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5
Q

what substance is added in the Erlenmeyer flask?

A

Analyte or Sample

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5
Q

Have an unknown concentration of the active constituent

A

Analyte or Sample

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6
Q

Physical change

A

end point

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7
Q

ASSAY
= TITRANT?

A

STANDARD SOLUTION

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7
Q

also known as stock solution

A

standard working solution

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8
Q

ASSAY
= TITRAND?

A

ANALYTE

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9
Q

STAN’ZN
= TITRANT?

A

STANDARD WORKING SOLUTION

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9
Q

amount of added titrant is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample

A

Equivalence Point

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10
Q

STAN’ZN
= TITRAND?

A

PRIMARY STANDARD/ SECONDARY STANDARD

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10
Q

Types of Analysis based on Reaction:

A
  1. Neutralization
    a) Acidimetry
    b) Alkalimetry
  2. Precipitation
  3. Redox
  4. Complexation
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11
Q

substance being titrated at Erlenmeyer flask

A

Titrand

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11
Q

solution added from the buret

A

Titrant

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12
Q

A highly pure substance
+ Dried solid

A

PRIMARY STANDARD

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12
Q

Usually, a solution with known concentration
+ liquid

A

SECONDARY STANDARD

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13
Q

Methods of Titration

A
  1. Direct Titration
  2. Residual (Back) Titration
  3. Blank Titration
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14
Q

Titrant is added to analyte until a reaction goes to completion

A

DIRECT TITRATION

15
Q

+ consists of onky one titrant only
+ until physical change (endpoint) occurs
+ titrant (Standard solution)
+ titrand (Analyte)

! Standardization employs direct titration

A

DIRECT TITRATION

16
Q

Type of Acid-Base Titrimetry

A
  1. ACIDIMETRY
  2. ALKALIMETRY

Type of Analysis →
Opposite of Unknown (analyte)

16
Q

Analysis of “bases (analyte)” using an accurately measured volume of “acid (standard solution)”

+ Titrant - acid
+ Titrand (Analyte) - base

A

ACIDIMETRY

17
Q

Analysis of “acids (analyte)” using an accurately measured volume of “base (standard solution)”

+ Titrant - base
+ Titrand (Analyte) - acid

A

ALKALIMETRY

17
Assay of Sodium bicarbonate + Titrant - ? + Titrand (Analyte) - ? + Type of Analysis: ?
+ Titrant - acid (0.1N H2SO4) + Titrand (Analyte) - base (NaHCO3) + Type of Reaction: Acidimetry
18
UNKNOWN
ANALYTE
19
KNOWN
STANDARD SOLUTION
19
Assay of Hydrochloric acid + Titrant - ? + Titrand (Analyte) - ? + Type of Analysis: ?
+ Titrant - base (1N NaOH) + Titrand (Analyte) - acid (HCl) + Type of Reaction: Alkalimetry
20
In a __________, the titrant and titrand are opposite in nature (i.e. acid-base).
direct titration
21
Assay of Boric acid (ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)
Analyte: boric acid (acid) → ALKALIMETRY
22
Assay of NaOH (ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)
Analyte: NaOH (base) → ACIDIMETRY
22
Assay of Tartaric acid (ACIDIMETRY or ALKALIMETRY)
Analyte: tartaric acid (acid)→ ALKALIMETRY
23
*Used to determine the "%content or purity" of a substance (analyte) in a given sample employing [ direct titration ]
%𝑨 = 𝒎𝑳 𝒙 𝑵 𝒙 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕 -------------------------- 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒔𝒙
24
This method is used if: 1. there is a "large difference" between equivalence and end points (also called titration error) 2. when the sample is "insoluble" in water 3. when the reaction between the titrant and analyte is "slow"
RESIDUAL TITRATION (Back titration
25
large difference between equivalence and end points
titration error
25
* Excess reagent is added to the analyte and the excess is determined. * Composed of: – One (1) analyte – Two (2) standard solutions → RESIDUAL * Excess reagent/solution * Back titrant solution
RESIDUAL TITRATION (Back titration)
25
Assay of Milk of Magnesia (MOM) (2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4) + Titrant - ? + Titrand (Analyte) - ? + Excess - ? + Type of Analysis: ?
+ Titrant - Base(1N NaOH) + Titrand (Analyte) - base (Mg(OH)2) + Excess - acid (1N H2SO4) + Type of Reaction: Residual Acidimetry
26
Assay of Aspirin tablets (2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4) + Titrant - ? + Titrand (Analyte) - ? + Excess - ? + Type of Analysis: ?
+ Titrant - Acid (aspirin) + Titrand (Analyte) - Acid (H2SO4) + Excess - Base (NaOH) + Type of Reaction: Residual Alkalimetry
27
ASSAY (Direct) ACIDIMETRY Analyte: Base Titrant: Acid ALKALIMETRY Analyte: Acid Titrant: Base ASSAY (Residual) ACIDIMETRY Analyte: Base Titrant: Base Excess: Acid ALKALIMETRY Analyte: Acid Titrant: Acid Excess: Base
! Remember
28
Assay of Zinc oxide (2 standards solutions used; NaOH and H2SO4) + Titrant - ? + Titrand (Analyte) - ? + Excess - ? + Type of Analysis: ?
+ Titrant - Zinc oxide (base) + Titrand (Analyte) - NaOH (base) + Excess - H2SO4 (acid) + Type of Analysis: Residual Acidimetry
28
*Used to determine the "%content or purity" of a substance (analyte) in a given sample using [ residual or back titration ]
%𝑨 = 𝑵𝒙𝒔𝑽𝒙𝒔 − 𝑵𝒕𝑽𝒕 𝒙 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕 --------------------------------------- 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒈𝒔𝒙 𝒙𝒔 → 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕 → 𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏�
28
Performed using the same quantities of the same reagent treated in the same manner, [ but without the analyte ] No Analyte *Contains diluent, indicator etc
BLANK TITRATION
29
Formula for 𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕
𝒎𝑬𝒒 𝒘𝒕 = MW ---------------- feq x 1000
30
* Used to "detect impurities" * The volume used in blank is 'subtracted from' to actual volume to compensate this error
BLANK TITRATION
31
Analysis of bases using an accurately measured volume of acid A. Acidimetry B. Alkalimetry C. Argentometry D. Compleximetry
A. Acidimetry
32
Type of analysis where an acidic sample is treated with an excess standard base, and the unreacted base is titrated with a standard acid. A. Direct Acidimetry B. Direct Alkalimetry C. Residual Acidimetry D. Residual Alkalimetry
D. Residual Alkalimetry
33
In the residual titration of magnesium hydroxide, which of the following solution is used as the back-titrant? A. Hydrochloric acid B. Sodium hydroxide C. Sulfuric acid D. Water
B. Sodium hydroxide
34
A 0.1 g sample of a sodium carbonate was dissolved in 50 mL of 0.1 N HCl and boiled to eliminate CO2. Back-titration of the excess HCl required 24 mL of 0.09 N NaOH.Identify what type of analysis is employed. A. Direct Acidimetry B. Direct Alkalimetry C. Residual Acidimetry D. Residual Alkalimetry
C. Residual Acidimetry

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