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Molecules 2 People > M2P 1 > Flashcards

M2P 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Individual units of membrane are

A

cylindrical

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2
Q

When was fluid mosiac model proposed

A

1972

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3
Q

Integral proteins

span, sym or asym, association, removal, movement in memb

A

Span the bilayer, have assymetry like membrane, tightly associated w membrane, and removed by detergents that disrupt membrane. Can move laterally in membrane

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4
Q

Peripheral Proteins

association, removal, polar or non

A

weakly associated, easily removed, associate w polar head groups of memb, removed by disrupting ionic interactions with high salt or change in pH

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5
Q

Some peripheral proteins are

A

non-covalently attached, or linked to membrane lipids

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6
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

made of glycerol backbone + 2 FA chains

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7
Q

Sphingophospholipids

A

made of sphingosine backbone + long chain FA

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8
Q

Niemann-Pick disease is caused by

A

deficiency in sphingomyelinase ( that breaks down sphingomyelin)

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9
Q

Niemann-Pick disease presents as:

A

mental retardation, seizures, ataxia, cherry red spot in eye

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10
Q

Cholesterol (3 things)

A

embedded in lipid layer, maintains membrane fluidity, unsat FA chains are “cis”

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11
Q

Membrane Lipids that face EC envi

A

Phosphotidylcholine, Sphingomyelin, Glycolipids

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12
Q

Membrane Lipids that face IC envi`

A

Phosphotidyl-

-inositol,-serine,-ethanolamine

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13
Q

Amphitropic proteins

A

sometimes associated w memb and sometimes not

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14
Q

Type I

A

single helix, amino terminal (NH3+) OUT of cell

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15
Q

Type II

A

single helix, amino terminal ( NH3+) INSIDE of cell

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16
Q

Type III

A

multiple helices, but single polypeptide (connected together)

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17
Q

Type IV

A

transmembrane domains of different polypeptides assembled in a channel through memb

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18
Q

Type V

A

held to bilayer w covalently linked lipids

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19
Q

Type VI

A

Both transmemb helices and lipid anchors

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20
Q

Lipid Anchors

A

Some are lipoproteins w covalently linked lipid molecule that can become part of memb.

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21
Q

Lipid Anchoring can be

A

reversed

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22
Q

Lipid anchoring of proteins allows

A

targeting of proteins

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23
Q

Opsin

A

detects light from outside

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24
Q

Insulin receptor

A

detects hormones

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25
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

A

detects NTs

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26
Q

Taste and smell receptors

A

detects Pheromones

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27
Q

Enzymes in membrane do:

A

Lipid biosynth( acyltransferase), ATP synth (F0F1 ATPase/ATP synthase)

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28
Q

Physical Properies of Memb:

A

Rapid rotational diffusion, slow flip-flop, rapid lateral diffusion, rapid flec of hydrocarbon chains

29
Q

Memb is permeable to and not permeable to

A

Permeable to small polar solutes and nonpolar compounds, not to large polar solutes and ions

30
Q

Transition Temp (Tm)

A

temp at which membs switch from fluid to semi-crystalline state

31
Q

Temp&raquo_space;>Tm

A

too fluid

32
Q

Temp> Tm

A

optimal fluidity

33
Q

Temp < Tm

A

rigid, semi-crystalline

34
Q

Sat Lipids vs Unsat Lipids

A

Sat-Less fluid

Unsat-more fluid

35
Q

Cholesterol in fluid membrane does what to fluidity

A

Decrease

36
Q

Cholesterol in rigid membrane does what to fluidity

A

Increase

37
Q

Gel phase vs Fluid phase

A

Can only move around in fluid ( fluid=proper function)

38
Q

What causes trans from gel to fluid?

A

Heating until phase transition

39
Q

Under normal conditions, are membranes more gel or fluid-like?

A

Fluid is for proper function

40
Q

Lateral Diffusion of individual lipid in memb happens:

A

uncatalyzed and rapidly (1 micrometer/sec)

41
Q

Transverse diffusion: in memb happens:

A

uncatalyzed and very slowly

42
Q

membrane fluidity is determined by

A

FA composition

43
Q

Unsaturated FAs and shorter chains make the memb more

A

Fluid

44
Q

To maintain integrity at high temps, cells need

A

more Saturated FAs (Warm Socks)

45
Q

To maintain integrity at low temps, cells need

A

more Short, Unsaturated FAs (Cold Stuff Up there)

46
Q

It’s so cold, what do I do for membs

A

Replace sat w unsat, use shorter FA tails

47
Q

Flippase

A

P-type ATPase moves PE and PS from Outer to Cytosolic (Flip it in)

48
Q

Floppase

A

ABC transporter moves phospholipids from Cyt to Outer (Flop it out)

49
Q

Scramblase

A

Moves lipids in either direction, toward equilibrium

50
Q

Membrane Fusion occurs

A

without losing continuity, spontaneous or protein mediated

51
Q

Membrane Fusion examples

A

Entry of Influenza Virus into host, or release of NTs at synapse

52
Q

Spur Cell Anemia is caused by

A

high cholesterol in erythrocyte (RBC) membrane, which lowers fluidity , then break/lyse as pass through spleen capillaries

53
Q

Spur Cell anemia is associated with

A

beta lipoproteinemia and advanced alcoholic cirrhosis

54
Q

Spur Cell Anemia makes erythrocytes

A

have Acanthocytes, Thorny and Rough projections

55
Q

Gaucher disease , rare and genetic(deficiency and build up of)

A

Def in Glucocerebrosidase, build up of Glucocerebroside in bones, liver and spleen

56
Q

Nieman-Pick (deficiency and build up)

A

Def of Sphingomyelinase, Builds Sphingomyelin

“Nah man pick up your sphingomyelin”

57
Q

Tay-Sachs (deficiency and build up)

A

Def of Hexominidase A, Builds GM2 Ganglioside

Def in tiny 6s (hexomini) and builds a gang(lioside)

58
Q

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids are composed of:

A

5-C Sugar (pentose), Nitrogenous base, 1 or more Phosphate groups (Nucleoside, NMP, NDP, NTP)

59
Q

Nucleic Acids: Two classes of base are

A

Purine (Pure As Gold) and Pyrimidine (CUT the pie)

60
Q

Nucleotides are involved in:

A

DNA and RNA biosynthesis

61
Q

Purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

62
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

63
Q

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine w Ribose are called:

A

Adenosine, Guanosine, Cytidine, Uridine, Thymidine (With monophosphate on end if ribose phosphate)

64
Q

DNA:Thymine:: RNA:?

A

Uracil

65
Q

DNA vs RNA strands

A

DNA-Double strand helix with base pair

RNA-single strand doesn’t form helix

66
Q

DNA and RNA are linear sequences of nucleotides linked by :

A

phosphodiester bonds between 3’ sugar of nucleotide and 5’ sugar of next nucleotide

67
Q

Histones interact with DNA by

A

ionic interactions, neg DNA spools around positive histone octamer

68
Q

Histone octamer is formed with:

A

2 copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4

69
Q

10nm vs 30nm chromatin

A

absence of Histone 1

Molecules 2 People (6 decks)

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