M2: Routine Histopathology Techniques Flashcards
the tissue is then carefully dissected & examined under microscope whether stained or not
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
a. Teasing/Dissociation
a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
a. Teasing/Dissociation
small pieces of tissues (not more than 1 mm) are placed in a slide & forcibly compressed with another slide or cover glass
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
b. Squash Preparation
cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide using a wire loop/applicator or by making an opposition smear with another slide
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
c. Smear Preparation
the material is spread rapidly and gently in a direct/zigzag line throughout the slide
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
d. Streaking
a selected portion is transferred to a clean glass slide and is gently spread moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart using an app stick
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
e. Spreading
the 2 slides are then pulled apart with single, uninterrupted motion
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
f. Pull-apart
the surface of freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and pressed on the surface of a clean glass slide
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
g. Touch Preparation
normally used when a rapid diagnosis of tissue in question is required especially recommended when lipids or nervous tissue elements are to be demonstrated
a. Teasing/Dissociation
b. Squash Preparation
c. Smear Preparation
d. Streaking
e. Spreading
f. Pull-apart
g. Touch Preparation
h. Frozen
h. Frozen
This is a hole on the microscope stage, through which the transmitted light from the source reaches the stage.
Aperture
These are lenses that are used to collect and focus light from the illuminator into the specimen. They are found under the stage next to the diaphragm of the microscope.
Condenser
It is also known as the iris. It is found under the stage of the microscope and itsprimary role is to control the amount of light that reaches the specimen.
Diaphragm
It controls how far the stages should go, preventing the objective lens from getting too close to the specimen slide that may damage the specimen. It is responsible for preventing the specimen slide from coming too far up and hit the objective lens.
Rack stop
The object appears dark against a bright background and the common microscope used in the laboratory is the compound microscope because it contains two types of lenses that function to magnify objects
Light or Brightfield Microscope
The object appears bright against a dark background
Darkfield Microscope
The energy source used in the electron microscope is a beam of electrons since the beam has an exceptionally short wavelength
Electron Microscope
The light microscope relies on differences either in color or in light absorption to provide the contrast that makes it possible for us to identify the objects under the microscope.
Phase Contrast Microscope
It is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image.
Phase Contrast Microscope
It is used in histology primarily for the identification of crystals, such as talc, silica, alum, hematein, and urates.
Polarizing Microscope
A tissue processor is a device that prepares tissue sample for sectioning by microscopic examination in the diagnostic laboratory.
Automatic Tissue Processor Machine
(Elliot Bench–Type Processor)
It is a machine specifically designed to cut very thin sections of tissue. It uses steel, glass or diamond plate depending upon the specimens to slice for the desire thickness of sections.
Microtome
prepare animals or plant tissues for light microscope in histology.
Steel Plates
slice sections for light microscopy and to slice very thin sections for electron microscopy.
Glass Knives
Plates that are used to slice hard material.
Diamond Knives
it is used for cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues.
Rocking Microtome
Invented Rocking Microtome in 1881
Paldwell Trefall
It is the oldest type of microtome and it is cheap and simple. It is available in two sizes the small and large blocks of paraffin.
Rocking Microtome
cut paraffin embedded tissues and is the most common type used for both routine and research laboratories at present.
Rotary (Minot) Microtome
(parrafin)
for cutting celloidin embedded sections. This was developed by Adams in 1789. There are two types of this microtome, the base sledge microtome and standard sliding microtome.
Sliding Microtome
cutting sections of very large blocks like whole brain commonly used in neuropathology and ophthalmic pathology and more stable that ordinary sliding microtome.
Base Sledge Microtome
it is different from base sledge in that blocks remain stationary while knife is moved backward and forward during the process.
Standard Sliding Microtome
for cutting unembedded frozen sections
Freezing Microtome
(queckett)
for cutting sections for electron microscopy.
The ultrathin microtome is primarily used for cutting tissue sections at
0.5 micra, for electron microscopy. Knives used for cutting ultrathin sections are broken plate glass in
which preferred are the diamond knives.
Ultrathin Microtome
A sharp knife in good condition is indispensable to the histologic technician and is the most important requirement for satisfactory cutting.
Microtome Knives
is used to section paraffin, paraplast, carbowax embedded blocks.
Plane-Concave Knife
used to cut celloidin-embedded block.
Planoconcave Knife
used to cut frozen blocks.
Plane Wedge Knife
a stone used to remove nicks from the knife
Hone
leather strip used to remove the burrs created by honing
Strop
for manual sharpening when cutting edge has been rendered blunt or nicked. This type usually gives the best result.
Belgium Yellow
give more polishing effect than the Belgian yellow.
Arkansas
is much coarser than the first two types and
is used only for badly nicked knives followed by either one of the first two sharpeners.
Fine Carborundum
Honing for Biconcave knives
20-40 strokes
Honing for Plane Wedge knives
10-20 Strokes
process whereby the “burr” formed during honing is removed and the cutting edge of the knife polished.
Stropping
Made from acetyl polymer. which is a special high-density polymer that keeps specimens safely submerged in solution.
Tissue Casette
These are used to mold the tissue block for easier handling during cutting.
Embedding Molds
It is used for infiltration of tissues in paraffin, paraplast, carbowax, plastic/resin. The temperature is set at the recommended amount depending on the medium used.
Oven
If the oven is not available, it is used regulated at 37 degree Celsius, is a welcome piece of equipment in the pathology laboratory
Incubator
(an excellent drying oven.)
to float, smoothen, flatten, and facilitate separation of embedded tissue ribbons.
Tissue Flotation Bath
One consists of a during chamber within which a steady current of warm air blows over the slides and carries away the moisture.
Slide Dryers
securely hold slides to stain cell components for better microscopic studies.
Staining Jars
It used at a time to flatten and
contain the sample when
viewing section or smear, they
must be fixed to the slides.
Slides and Cover Slips
