M1: Laboratory Emergency Flashcards
Allows organizations to create organization-wide strategies to plan for disasters well ahead, so that they are prepared for any type of disaster, manmade or otherwise.
Preparedness Cycle
5 Preparedness Cycle Elements
P
P
R
R
M
Prevention
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation
4 Common Laboratory Emergencies
Chemical Spills
Biological Spills
Fire & Explosion
Personal Injuries
A chemical disaster is the unintentional release of one or more hazardous substances which could harm human health and the environment
Chemical Spills
When less than 20 mL or 1 gallon of hazardous chemicals is spoiled.
Simple Spills
When over 20 mL or 1 gallon of high-hazardous chemicals are spilled.
Complex Spills
Neutralize acid
Baking Soda and Vinegar
Neutralize base
5% Acetic Acid
Are an appropriate group of written, printed or graphic informational elements concerning a hazardous chemical that are affixed to, printed on, or attached to the immediate container of a hazardous chemical, or to the outside packaging.
Chemical Labels
Is how the hazardous chemical is identified
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
a. Product identifier
Used to indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label.
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
b. Signal word
“Danger” is used for the more severe hazards
“Warning’ is used for the loss soboro hazards
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
b. Signal word
Describe the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
c. Hazard statement(s)
Describe recommended measures that should be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to tho hazardous chemical or improper storage or handling.
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
d. Precautionary statement(s)
4 Precautionary Statements
P
R
S
D
Prevention
Response
Storage
Disposal
Are graphic symbols used to communicate specific information about the hazards of a chemical.
a. Product identifier
b. Signal word
c. Hazard statement(s)
d. Precautionary statement(s)
e. Pictogram(s)
f. Name, address and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, Importer, or other responsible party
e. Pictogram(s)
Is the best source of getting information about the hazardous chemical.
Material Safety Data Sheet
First “tentatively adopted as a guide” in 1960, and revised several times since then
National Fire Protection Association
Elements of Fire
O
H
F
Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel
Fire or combustion
Spark, flame and high temperature are needed
Source of Ignition
refers to planning and infrastructure design aimed at reducing the risk of fire or impeding the spread of a fine when one does break out
Fire safety
encompasses the use of fire-resistant building materials. preventative actions: safe work practices, lite safety training, flame-resistant protective clothing, and more.
Fire safety
Classes of Fire:
Ordinary combustible solids such as paper, wood, clothes
Class A
Classes of Fire:
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum oil, and paint and flammable gasses such as propane, methane and butane
Class B
Classes of Fire:
Electrical equipment such as appliances, motors
Class C
Classes of Fire:
Combustible metals such as sodium, aluminum and potassium
Class D
Classes of Fire:
Cooking oil and greases such as animal or vegetable fats
Class K
Fire hazard:
Examples: old rags, paper, and wood products
a. Combustible Materials
b. Combustible Dust
c. Electrical Hazards
d. Flammable liquids
e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery
a. Combustible Materials
Fire hazard:
Is a finely divided combustible particulate that presents fire hazard or explosion hazards
a. Combustible Materials
b. Combustible Dust
c. Electrical Hazards
d. Flammable liquids
e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery
b. Combustible Dust
Fire hazard:
Electrical circuits
Metal structures can generate static electricity if not correctly grounded
Electrical surges or voltage spikes in an electrical circuit can damage electrical equipment and present a fire hazard.
Arc flash is a release of electrical energy caused by an electric arc similar to lightning.
a. Combustible Materials
b. Combustible Dust
c. Electrical Hazards
d. Flammable liquids
e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery
c. Electrical Hazards
Fire hazard:
Chemicals such as gasoline, oil, kerosene, cleaning solvents and paint can become a fire hazard if not stored correctly in a ventilated space.
a. Combustible Materials
b. Combustible Dust
c. Electrical Hazards
d. Flammable liquids
e. Hot Work, Equipment, and Machinery
d. Flammable liquids
Types of Extinguisher:
For Class A fires only,
Not suitable for Class B or C fires.
Extinguish fire by reducing the heat and the foam helps to separate oxygen from the objects
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
a. Water and Foam
Types of Extinguisher:
For Class B and C fires.
Not effective for Class A fire.
Extinguishes fire by separating oxygen from the object and remove heat
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
b. Carbon Dioxide
Types of Extinguisher:
Multi purpose works for Class A, B, and C
Ordinary work for Class B and C only.
Extinguishes fire by interrupting the chemical reaction
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
c. Dry chemical
Types of Extinguisher:
For Class K fire only.
Extinguishes fire by removing heat and separates oxygen from fuel elements
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
d. Wet Chemical
Types of Extinguisher:
For Class B and C.
Use halon or halocarbon agents to interrupt the chemical reactions
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
e. Clean Agent
Types of Extinguisher:
For Class D only.
Takes away heat and separates oxygen to extinguish fire.
a. Water and Foam
b. Carbon Dioxide
c. Dry chemical
d. Wet Chemical
e. Clean Agent
f. Dry Power
f. Dry Power
Simple Spill Kit
C
P
A
L
F
B
✓ Chlorine bleach or some other concentrated disinfectant
✓ Package or roll of paper towels (better ang pull-up towels)
✓ Autoclavable bag
✓ Latex or Nitrile gloves
✓ Forceps for picking up broken glass
✓ Biohazard Bag(s)
It isolates people from the hazard by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Favored over administrative and your PPE equipment for controlling existing worker exposure in the workplace because they are design to remove the hazard at the source before it comes in contact with the worker.
Engineering Controls
Limits the duration of working time of the workers at a hazardous place
Administrative Controls
Who performs the Administrative Control
Pathologist
Chief Medical Technologist
Used internationally to indicate the actual or potential presence of a biohazard and to identify equipment, containers, rooms, materials, experimental animals or combinations thereof that contain ,or are contaminated with, viable hazardous agents.
Biohazard Symbol
treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood-borne pathogens.
Universal Precaution
minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient
Standard Precaution
set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes
Standard Precaution
Are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans.
Bloodborne Pathogegns
Bloodborne Pathogens
V
B
P
P
Virus
Bacteria
Parasites
Prions
Hierarchy of Controls
E
S
E
A
P
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
The most effective control measure
Elimination
If a particular dangerous chemical or work process cannot be completely eliminated, then try to replace it with a safer
Substitution
By using a mechanical handling device or a closed glove system that can be operated from the outside
Enclosure
Can be effective method of control if a hazardous job can be moved to a part of the workplace where fewer people will be exposed, or if a job can be changed to a shift when fewer people are exposed (such as a weekend or midnight shift)
Isolation
To prevent the work environment from being too hot, cold, dry, or humid
To prevent contaminants in the air from getting into the area where workers breathe
Ventilation
removing air pollutants
Local exhaust ventilation
can be used for keeping the workplace comfortable
General ventilation
The last effective occupational hazards (Least effective)
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
