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YR1 Chemistry 24-25 > M2 - Compounds, formulae, equations and acids > Flashcards

M2 - Compounds, formulae, equations and acids Flashcards

Atomic structure and isotopes, Relative mass and Formulae and equations

1
Q

What is an ion?

A

A charged species. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.

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2
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive ions, species with fewer electrons than protons.

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3
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions, species with more electrons than protons.

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4
Q

What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?

A

Lose them to form cations.

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5
Q

What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?

A

Gain them to form anions.

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6
Q

What is a binary compound?

A

A compound containing only two elements. ends in an ‘ide’ eg hydroxide- oxygen and hydrogen

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7
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

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8
Q

What is the formula and charge of an ammonium ion?

A

NH(4)

1+

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9
Q

What is the formula and charge of a hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

1-

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10
Q

What is the formula and charge of a nitrate ion?

A

NO(3)-

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11
Q

What is the formula and charge of a nitrite ion?

A

NO(2)-

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12
Q

What is the formula and charge of a hydrogen carbonate ion?

A

HCO(3)-

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13
Q

What is the formula and charge of a carbonate ion?

A

CO(3) 2-

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14
Q

What is the formula and charge of a sulfate ion?

A

SO(4) 2-

ate = means the ion contains oxygen

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15
Q

What is the formula and charge of a sulfite ion?

A

A sulphite ion is SO(3) 2-

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16
Q

What is the formula and charge of a phosphate ion?

A

PO(4) 3-

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17
Q

What is the formula and charge of a zinc ion?

A

Zn 2+

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18
Q

What is the formula and charge of a sodium ion?

A

Na 1+

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19
Q

What is the formula and charge of a halide ion?

A

F/Cl/Br/I/At 1-

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20
Q

What is the formula and charge of an aluminium ion?

21
Q

What must an ionic compound have?

A

An overall charge of zero.

22
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

Two atoms of the same element bonded together.

23
Q

Do covalent compounds contain ions?

A

No, they do not.

24
Q

Where are state symbols shown in chemical equations?

A

In subscript in brackets after a formula.

25
Q

What charge do aluminium ions form?

A

aluminium forms 3+ ions

26
Q

What charge ions does silver form?

A

silver(Ag) forms a 1+ ion

27
Q

what charge ions does zinc form?

A

zinc forms a 2+ ions

28
Q

what ions do iron form?

A

iron forms a 2+/3+ ions

29
Q

what charge ions does copper form?

A

copper forms a 1+/2+ ions

30
Q

what charge ions does lead form?

A

lead forms 2+/4+ ions

31
Q

What is an acid?

A

A proton / hydrogen ion donor

32
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Fully dissociates/ ionises to release all of its hydrogen ions / protons into solution.

It completely dissociates in aqueous solution.

33
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

It partially dissociates/ ionises in aqueous solution, releasing some of its protons

34
Q

What is a base?

A

A proton / hydrogen ion acceptor.

35
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

there are several types of bases

metal oxides
metal hydroxides
metal carbonates
alkalis

36
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions into the solution.

37
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with metal oxides/hydroxides?

A

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

38
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with alkalis?

A

Acid + alkali -> salt + water

39
Q

ammonia + acid = ?

A

ammonia ,NH3 reacts with acds by accpeting H+ to form ammonium salts containg an ammonium ion

e,g

HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl

40
Q

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with carbonates?

A

Carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

41
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal with acid?

A

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

42
Q

Explain what is meant by a salt (1)

A

When the H+ in an acid is replaced by a metal ion

43
Q

What calcium compound is formed when calcium oxide reacts with water? (1)

A

Calcium hydroxide

44
Q

What calcium compound is formed when calcium oxide reacts with nitric acid? (1)

A

caO(s)+2HNO3(aq)→Ca(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)

forms calcium nitrate

45
Q

How do old samples of magnesium oxide become contaminated with magnesium carbonate? (1)

A

MgO has reacted with CO2

46
Q

A student adds an excess of HCl to magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate, state two observations that would be made (2)

A

Solid dissolves

Effervescence

47
Q

Define an acid (1)

A

A proton donor

48
Q

How can CaCO3 be used to combat excess stomach acid? Use an equation (2)

A

CaCO3 neutralises HCl

CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

YR1 Chemistry 24-25 (8 decks)

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