M2 - Compounds, formulae, equations and acids

Question 1

What is an ion?

Answer 1

A charged species. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.

Question 2

What are cations?

Answer 2

Positive ions, species with fewer electrons than protons.

Question 3

What are anions?

Answer 3

Negative ions, species with more electrons than protons.

Question 4

What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?

Answer 4

Lose them to form cations.

Question 5

What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with their electrons?

Answer 5

Gain them to form anions.

Question 6

What is a binary compound?

Answer 6

A compound containing only two elements. ends in an ‘ide’ eg hydroxide- oxygen and hydrogen

Question 7

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 7

Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together

Question 8

What is the formula and charge of an ammonium ion?

Answer 8

NH(4)

1+

Question 9

What is the formula and charge of a hydroxide ion?

Answer 9

OH-

1-

Question 10

What is the formula and charge of a nitrate ion?

Answer 10

NO(3)-

Question 11

What is the formula and charge of a nitrite ion?

Answer 11

NO(2)-

Question 12

What is the formula and charge of a hydrogen carbonate ion?

Answer 12

HCO(3)-

Question 13

What is the formula and charge of a carbonate ion?

Answer 13

CO(3) 2-

Question 14

What is the formula and charge of a sulfate ion?

Answer 14

SO(4) 2-

ate = means the ion contains oxygen

Question 15

What is the formula and charge of a sulfite ion?

Answer 15

A sulphite ion is SO(3) 2-

Question 16

What is the formula and charge of a phosphate ion?

Answer 16

PO(4) 3-

Question 17

What is the formula and charge of a zinc ion?

Answer 17

Zn 2+

Question 18

What is the formula and charge of a sodium ion?

Answer 18

Na 1+

Question 19

What is the formula and charge of a halide ion?

Answer 19

F/Cl/Br/I/At 1-

Question 20

What is the formula and charge of an aluminium ion?

Answer 20

Al 3+

Question 21

What must an ionic compound have?

Answer 21

An overall charge of zero.

Question 22

What is a diatomic molecule?

Answer 22

Two atoms of the same element bonded together.

Question 23

Do covalent compounds contain ions?

Answer 23

No, they do not.

Question 24

Where are state symbols shown in chemical equations?

Answer 24

In subscript in brackets after a formula.

Question 25

What charge do aluminium ions form?

Answer 25

aluminium forms 3+ ions

Question 26

What charge ions does silver form?

Answer 26

silver(Ag) forms a 1+ ion

Question 27

what charge ions does zinc form?

Answer 27

zinc forms a 2+ ions

Question 28

what ions do iron form?

Answer 28

iron forms a 2+/3+ ions

Question 29

what charge ions does copper form?

Answer 29

copper forms a 1+/2+ ions

Question 30

what charge ions does lead form?

Answer 30

lead forms 2+/4+ ions

Question 31

What is an acid?

Answer 31

A proton / hydrogen ion donor

Question 32

What is a strong acid?

Answer 32

Fully dissociates/ ionises to release all of its hydrogen ions / protons into solution. | It completely dissociates in aqueous solution.

Question 33

What is a weak acid?

Answer 33

It partially dissociates/ ionises in aqueous solution, releasing some of its protons

Question 34

What is a base?

Answer 34

A proton / hydrogen ion acceptor.

Question 35

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 35

there are several types of bases metal oxides metal hydroxides metal carbonates alkalis

Question 36

What is an alkali?

Answer 36

A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions into the solution.

Question 37

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with metal oxides/hydroxides?

Answer 37

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid -> salt + water

Question 38

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with alkalis?

Answer 38

Acid + alkali -> salt + water

Question 39

ammonia + acid = ?

Answer 39

ammonia ,NH3 reacts with acds by accpeting H+ to form ammonium salts containg an ammonium ion e,g HCl + NH3 = NH4Cl

Question 40

What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with carbonates?

Answer 40

Carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 41

What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal with acid?

Answer 41

Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen

Question 42

Explain what is meant by a salt (1)

Answer 42

When the H+ in an acid is replaced by a metal ion

Question 43

What calcium compound is formed when calcium oxide reacts with water? (1)

Answer 43

Calcium hydroxide

Question 44

What calcium compound is formed when calcium oxide reacts with nitric acid? (1)

Answer 44

caO(s)+2HNO3(aq)→Ca(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l) forms calcium nitrate

Question 45

How do old samples of magnesium oxide become contaminated with magnesium carbonate? (1)

Answer 45

MgO has reacted with CO2

Question 46

A student adds an excess of HCl to magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonate, state two observations that would be made (2)

Answer 46

Solid dissolves | Effervescence

Question 47

Define an acid (1)

Answer 47

A proton donor

Question 48

How can CaCO3 be used to combat excess stomach acid? Use an equation (2)

Answer 48

CaCO3 neutralises HCl | CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2