M2-3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different forms of phos

A

TP
dissolved
particulate
organic (can particulate or dissolved)
inorganic (can be particulate or dissolved)

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2
Q

dominant forms of phos in a lake

A

PO4 3- or FePO4
(freeform)
most P is tied up in org tissues

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3
Q

internal vs external loading of phos into a lake

A

external loading: often sourced from the weathering of rocks, atmos deposits , streams or rivers into a lake
PO4 or org P detritus

internal loading: from lake sediment at the bottom of a lake and in decaying OM. the conditions at the sed-water interface are critical

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4
Q

role of O2 and iron in the phos cycle

A

P is relsease 1000 faster in ANOXIC conditions. in oxic conditions, PO4 is bound to iron.

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5
Q

what is excessove phos linked to

A

cyanobacteria blooms and eutrophication

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6
Q

what % of TP is Solubale reactive phos

A

0.2. note that is is the ofrm of P that plant need to growth

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7
Q

is particulate organic phos or particulate inorganic phos more abundant (give %) and explain why

A

POP (98.5%) as most of it is retained in living organisms

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8
Q

algal mechanisms for phos uptake

A

1) luxury consumption- store P in tissues when very abundant
2) ability to use P at low conc lvl- alter energy budget
3) phosphatase production - some orgs will have enzymes that break the bond between P and org moles in the water, triggered by low P

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9
Q

where are the major zones for P cycling in lakes

A

Sed-water interface
open water in the pelagic zone (uptake and sedimentation)
littoral zone (uptake and plant decomp)

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10
Q

vertical P dist in oligo lakes

A

Low soluble and total phos. O2 follows ortho pattern

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11
Q

vertical P dist in eutroph lakes

A

Low soluble P and total P in epi and meta. Sig increase in the hypo fpr both.
O2 follows clino

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12
Q

human impacts on P cycle and eutroph

A

Cultural eutroph
agricultural input- excess run off of alot of fertilizers (has P)
speeds up the rate- from 1000’s of years to just a few decades

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13
Q

natural eutroph

A

often due to the age of a lake
nautral accumulation of P in a system- often takes 1000s of years

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14
Q

N and productivity

A

N has the ability to limit plant growth- trophic status depends partially on the N content

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15
Q

range of P and N to define lake prod

A

TP:

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16
Q

diff forms of N

A

N2
TN
Dissolved and inorg (NH4+, NO3-, No2-)
in organic compounds

17
Q

N fixation

A

assimilation of N2 in NH4 via nitrogenase enzyme or lightning

occurs in anoxic environ only
may use heterocycts

18
Q

denitrification

A

conversion of inorg N (NO3) into N2

less energy mase when comped to the conversion of Org Carbon to CO2

occur in anoxic

possible solution to dec N in water

19
Q

heterocysts and their function.

A

a strucutire to protect the nitrogenase enzyme from oxygen)

20
Q

nitrification

A

NH4 to NO2 to NO3 and energy

NH4 in water w/ DO, it will have more energy than NO species

done by bActeria, fungi or other autotroph

21
Q

nitrosomonas

A

conver NH4 to NO2

22
Q

nitrobacter

A

convert NO2 to NO3

23
Q

what form of N is easiest to take up

A

NH4 is easiest to tke up from water colomn. from here plant and orgs have metabolic oircesses to convert into useful forms

24
Q

nitrate reductase

A

Nirtate to nitrite. this can be limiting

this is an oxic process

25
nitrites reductase
nitrite to Ammonium (NH4) for AA prod this is an oxic process
26
ammonification
org compunds are broken down by bacteria/ fungi and converted to ammonium occurs in sediments and upper waters oxic process
27
vert dist of N (eutroph)
NO3 start high and dec w/ depth (to 0) NH4 starts low and inc w/ depth (to mid) O2 content is a large factor
28
vert dist of N (oligo)
NH4 is low all the way down NO3 is mid low w/ sligh inc w/ depth O2 content is a large factor