M2-0

Question 1

Main characteristic of fresh water ecosystems

Answer 1

Salinity= <0.05ppt

Question 2

Mineral wetlands classes

Answer 2

Shallow open water
Marsh
Swamp

Question 3

Organic wetland classes

Answer 3

Fen
Bog

Question 4

Shallow open water

Answer 4

Often an int between open water and marsh, swamp, fen or bog
Less than 2m depth
Less than 25% plant cover (often floating)

Question 5

Marsh

Answer 5

Can be fresh, saline or brackish
More than 25% plant cover, dominated by graminoid
Important for breeding, but often subject to flooding
Contains OM but no peat

Question 6

Swamp

Answer 6

Dominated by woody plants, shrubs or conifers
Low pH in soils
Rhizosphere is below the soil
Contains OM but no peat

Question 7

Fen

Answer 7

OM/ peat is greater than 40cm deep
High pH
Nutrient content varies
Dominated by sedges, grasses and brown moss
Very very common in boreal forest
Water from the ground

Question 8

Bog

Answer 8

Oligo
Deep peat layer (a carbon sink like fens)
Sphagum (peat) is a key stone vegetation
Fed by rain

Question 9

How much of Alberta is wetland

Answer 9

20%
60% is green 40% is white

Question 10

Green wetland

Answer 10

Located in the North / crown land
Comprised of mostly bigs and fens
Subject to forestry and resource extraction
Conservation focused

Question 11

White zone

Answer 11

Found on private land/ in the south
Subject to fragmentation, drainage and alteration for urban development
Dominated by open shallow water, swamp and marshes
Restoration focused.

Question 12

Anthropogenic impacts on green zones

Answer 12

1) oil and gas
2) forestry
3) linear infrastructures
4) hydroelectric development
5) climate change

Question 13

Anthropogenic impacts on white zones

Answer 13

1) agriculture drainage
2) urban development
3) pollution
4) fragmentation for infrastructure
5) climate change

Question 14

3 metrics the that value of wetlands are based upon

Answer 14

Function, benefits and abundance

Question 15

Replacement rules in Alberta

Answer 15

1) in lieu fee replacement: fee paid by the proponent and is freed of liability. Incorporates non restoration and restoration practices
2) permittee responsible compensation: the proponent does not pay a fee and is help responsible to replace the wetland to an acceptable degree

Question 16

2 reclamation processes

Answer 16

1) keep minerals and reclaim as a forested site
2) moss layer transfer technique

Question 17

Moss layer transfer tech

Answer 17

Aka peat land inversion
1) remove mineral and expose compressed peat
2) dig up peat
3) swap peat and mineral
4) allow tile for natural peat land to redevelop
Vry expensive