M2 Flashcards
He stated that atoms are indestructible and unchangeable. He also stated that atoms are different in size, shape, mass, position, and arrangement.
Democritus
An individual claims that matter if composed of indivisible particles known as ____
atom/s
Enumerate John Dalton’s Postulates
- Atom are the smallest particles of matter, cannot be divided, cannot be created nor destroyed
- All atoms of an element are identical, but are different to another element’s in terms of mass size and properties
3: Compounds are composed of atoms combined with fixed ratios
4: During chemical reactions, atoms combine, separate, or rearrange. NO atoms are created or disappear
Enumerate the 3 Laws studied:
Law of Conservation of Mass
Law of Definite Proportions
Law of Multiple Proportions
Matter is neither created nor destroyed
So a chemical reaction only involves separation, combination or re-arrangement of atoms.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Every definite compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by weight.
Law of Definite Proportions
If two elements combine to form more than one compound, the ratio of the mass of an element to a fixed mass of another element is a whole number.
Law of Multiple Proportions
Atoms composed of even smaller particles. This includes the Proton, Electron, & Neutron.
Subatomic Particles
This is the number of protons in its nucleus.
Atomic Number
It is found via the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
Mass Number
These are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. These are elements with the same number of protons but have a different number of neutrons.
Isotopes
These are atoms that either lose or gain electrons. In this process, they become either positively or negatively charged particles.
Ions
These are a combination of at least two atoms in a definite proportion, bound together by covalent bonds. They can be diatomic or polyatomic.
Molecules
The written chemical structure of a compound.
Chemical Formula
What are the two types of chemical formulas?
Molecular Formula
Empirical Formula
This type of chemical formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the actual number of atoms present.
Molecular Formula
This type of chemical formula gives the composition of the molecule, in terms of the smallest ratio of the number of atoms present.
Empirical Formula
These are compounds formed when a metal loses electrons (cation) and a non metal gains those electrons (anion).
They are named by giving the name of the cation first, followed by the name of the anion.
Ionic Compound
These are compounds resulting from the attraction of the nucleus and the electron of two or more atoms and usually involves two non metals, thus having a covalent bond.
Molecular Compound
