M2

Question 1

What is the 5’ cap

Answer 1

guanine nucleotide + phosphate

Question 2

what is added to the 3’ end

phosphates
nucleotide
poly-a tail

Answer 2

poly-a tail

Question 3

What is synonymous with phenotype

gene
mutation
trait
variation

Answer 3

trait

Question 4

define gene

Answer 4

a discrete unit of hereditary information, consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA (or RNA in viruses)

Question 5

one of the possible alternative form of a gene is known as

mutations
allele
gene

Answer 5

allele

Question 6

a heritable change in DNA sequence or chromosome structure

Answer 6

mutation

Question 7

What does single nucleotide polymorphism mean

Answer 7

variate in one nucleotide (between genotypes)

Question 8

define monogenic, polygenic, and pleiotropic trait

Answer 8

• 1 gene= 1 trait
  -separate genes= same trait
• 1 gene= multiple traits

Question 9

A recessive allele can be fully expressed in a heterozygote

t or f

Answer 9

false

Question 10

Height, weight, and blood pressure are all examples of

mendelian trait
discrete variable
quantitative traits
environmental effects

Answer 10

quantitative traits

Question 11

individuals inherit

phenotypes or genotypes

Answer 11

genotypes

Question 12

How to calculate phenotypic variance in a population

Answer 12

vp=vg+ ve

Question 13

define heritability (h2)

Answer 13

proportion of phenotypic variation in a population due to genetic factors

Question 14

what is the equation for h2

Answer 14

h2= vg/vp

Question 15

what does it mean when we say a trait has genetic basis

Answer 15

the gene influences the trait in some way

Question 16

Name 2 reasons genetic hereitbaility may be low

Answer 16

• individual in a population are genetically similar
• the environmental factors (e.g. nutrition)of a trait has a larger impact on the population variation in phenotype then the genetic variance does

Question 17

which word best describes a mobile genetic element that are copied by means of RNA intermediated and inserted at other chromosomal sites often causing mutation

rDNA
retrotransposon
retroactive insertion
genetic mutation

Answer 17

retrotransposon

Question 18

Which is not considered reverse genetics

genetic engineering
gene silencing
directed deletion
gene mapping
directed insertion

Answer 18

mapping

Question 19

define forward genetics

Answer 19

identify gene responsible for known phenotype without knowledge of its loci and DNA sequence

Question 20

define reverse genetic

Answer 20

identifies the function of a gene that has already been identified, copied, isolated and sequenced