m2 Flashcards
Ethnography:
- Research strategy to study societies with greater cultural uniformity and less social differentiation.
- A really serious immersion in a particular community to analyze their behavior without affecting it by being there.
Fieldwork:
- Main tool to really get to know the community chosen
- Research method based on DIRECT PERSONAL OBSERVATION in the natural environment
Who was Bronislaw Malinowski?
- The Father of Ethnography
- He wrote a diary of his experiences and knowledge of his fieldwork
- Published after he died
Monograph:
Purpose: gather all the info together
It’s very complete having all aspects
Sources: stories, legends, personal or indirect obs
Diachronic and Synchronic:
Dia: Previous Time
Syn: Present Time
7 steps for making a Monograph:
- Selection of topic
- Structure
- Search info
- Debug errors
- Reorganize structure
- Draft
- Revision
First Ethnographies:
- Extensive descriptions made during the colonial period
- About America’s residents, travelers and migrants.
Most Famous Ethnography/er:
Marco Polo - Asian Continent
Plato ______ Research
Plato QUANTITATIVE Research
- Abstract and systematic
- Mathematical Relations
Characteristics of Quantitative:
-IDEAL
-Measured with math
-Universal Laws (deductive method)
- VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
-EXTERNAL VALIDITY
Aristotle ________ Research
Aristotle QUALITATIVE Research
- direct way
- totality of aspects
- respecting particular dynamics
Characteristics of Qualitative:
-MATERIAL
-Deep knowledge of HUMAN BEHAVIOR
-Historical Perspective (inductive method)
-HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
-INTERNAL VALIDITY
Who established the Historical Perspective?
Wilhelm Dilthey
Researchers NEED…
Creativity
Definition of Method:
Ways to approach the object of study
Definition of Techniques:
Ways to gather info
Method: Study of the case
Present an integral portrait through the study of something
Method: Oral History
-Interviews, taping and transcripts
-Analyzed to make a final report
Method: Participative Action Investigation
-Include the people being investigated
-Them going from being object of study to participants
Method: Qualitative Evaluation
-Gathers previous methods
-Deeper description from a policy or social program
Technique: Life Story
Interview someone about all his life
Technique: Testimony
Expression of the minority groups
Technique: Semi-structured Interview
Interview guide with a script, in order to make a conversation
Technique: Focus Group
6-12 people with a moderator
Technique: Participation Observation
Most used method
Write down EVERY THING in the natural way it happens
Technique: Field Diary
Notes taken during the day about the field work done
Technique: Documents
Every paper of information useful
Technique: Pictures and Videos
Graphic evidence and proves
Ethno Research - Definition
Incorporating the functional interrelationship between SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS and the relationship of these with the BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
Ethno Research: 7 steps
- Marking the field (WHERE)
- Subject field (WHAT)
- Preparation & Documentation (Info for limiting more specifically the topic and for complement and update the info)
- Design ( Structure: questions, methods, justifications and techniques to use)
- Field Investigation (FIELDWORK)
- Gather all the info (researcher’s charisma for gaining trust)
- Conclusion
Ethno Techniques: 9
- Direct Observation
- Participant Observation
- Conversation
- Genealogical Method
- Key Informants
- Life Stories
- Investigation of problems
- Longitudinal Investigation
- Team Investigation
Field Diary:
Detail record of the experienced in the day
Rapport:
Communication process where you find things in common with other people
Oriented to Problems Investigation:
Investigate particular issues
Take into consideration the unspoken factors
Longitudinal:
Research based on a long-term study.
Analyze changes from the different visits/phases.
Done as a team.
Emic:
A strategy based on the primary interest in the DISCOVERING of the local perspectives and what surrounds it
Key informants:
The person chose to do the field work and give relevant info
Ethic:
-Interpretation of the cultures seen from the pov of the OBSERVER to emphasize
-Bring out the meaning of the observed
-Objective and comprehensive pov
