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anthropology, culture and social conscience > m1 > Flashcards

m1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What’s Physical Anthropology?

A

-Human Fossils
-Distinctive features of contemporary groups.

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2
Q

What’s Archeology?

A

-Material remains from past cultures
-Ecological environments
-Causes that led to its demise

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3
Q

What’s Anthropology Linguistics?

A

-Diversity of spoken languages
-Reconstruct the history of their origin

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4
Q

What’s Cultural Anthropology ?

A

Or Social Anthropology
-Description from past and today’s culture.
-Medical, urban, religion…

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5
Q

Evolutionist school: the scientist have to discover the stages of all cultures to reach the highest level of development

A

True

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6
Q

3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #1

A
  1. Description of other cultures and reflection on the transformation of their practices
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7
Q

3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #2

A
  1. Search for scientific laws of evolution of societies and their institutions
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8
Q

3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #3

A
  1. Search for scientific laws of the functioning of societies, from divergent approaches
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9
Q

Which school argues that the societies shall pass through states of development?

A

Evolutionist School
-Scientific
-Highest level of development
-European societies

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10
Q

Who established the bases of the study of the anthropology and proposed the first concept of culture?

A

Tylor

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11
Q

Who proposed a classification of the evolution of mankind in three stages?

A

Lewis H. Morgan

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12
Q

Lower Savagery:

A

Collection of
-wild food
-promiscuity
-nomadic horde

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13
Q

Higher Savegery:

A

-Utensils for hunting (bows and arrows)
-Banned marraige among siblings

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14
Q

Barbarism:

A

-Agriculture and pottery
-Prohibition of incest

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15
Q

Higher Barbarism:

A

-Development of Metallurgy
-Private property instead of common goods.
-Polygyny

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16
Q

Civilization:

A

-Writing development
-CIvil government
-Monogamy

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17
Q

Historical Particularism (school):

A

-Every culture or society is the consequence of its own process

-NO to the existence of savage cultures and higher cultures

-Its model had to be the only one

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18
Q

Difussionism (school):

A

-Cultures adopted their elements by imitation.

-Cultural characteristics diffused from one society to another

-Acculturation (exchange of cultural features)

19
Q

Functionalism (school):

A

-Describe the functions of the customs and institutions for the society studied

-Understand its origins

20
Q

Structural Functionalism (school):

A

-Society was organized as a whole

-Importance of field work for long periods which provides valid and reliable data

21
Q

French Structuralism (school):

A

-Society was organized as a whole

-Importance of field work for long periods which provides valid and reliable data

22
Q

1 of the most representative works: research about the way the society keeps integrated and allows its appropriate funct

A

Functionalism

23
Q

What’s Ethnocentrism?

A

Judging other cultures using our own cultural standards

24
Q

What’s Affinity?

A

Set of relationships that link two groups through marriage and social solidarity with people outside the nuclear family. In law relatives.

25
Q

What’s Enculturation?

A

Learning process of the culture which we are exposed and we become the bearer of society

26
Q

What’s Acculturation?

A

Exchange of cultural features

27
Q

What’s Otherness?

A

-Relationship with beings that suggest the notion of other as interpersonal phenomenon

-Identity is discovered by observing the diversity of others

28
Q

Propose to include the influence of the natural environment with cultural factors, such as technology and the economy.

A

Cultural Ecology

29
Q

What’s State?

A

Political unit with an independent government and a centralized organization

30
Q

What’s The Universal Pattern of Cultures?

A

Method that allows collecting and organizing data according to the sociocultural whole present in all cultures

31
Q

UPC : Infrastructure

A

-Society meets its minimum requirements for subsistence
-Family, friends and in law-relationships

32
Q

UPC: Structure

A

-Society is organized into groups for regulate goods and labor

-Companies, employees and workes

33
Q

UPC : Superstructure

A

-Artistic, recreational, intellectual and religious activities

-All activities from the internal pov of the before ones.

34
Q

3 Phases - Concept of Culture (Giménez)

A

-Particular Phase - customs

-Abstract Phase - models

-Symbolic Phase - meanings

35
Q

2 types of marriage:

A
  1. Exogamous: marriage w/someone from the outside the group.

2.Endogamous: marriage w/someone from the group.

36
Q

4 Vital Functions of Family:

A
  1. Sexual Relations
  2. Reproduction
  3. Education
  4. Subsistence
37
Q

What’s Genealogy?

A

-Family history
-It studies the ancestry and the offspring
-Kinship

38
Q

Shamanist and Ecclesiastical:

A

-Shamanist: specialized person who resorts people at difficult times.

-Ecclesiastical: full-time commitment, rulling class of society

39
Q

Sacred and Protane:

A

Sacred: rituals with the divine

Protane: ordinary events of life

40
Q

Medical Anthropology:

A

-Social perceptions of disease
-Influence of culture in diagnosis

41
Q

Urban Anthropology?

A

-Way individuals from various places solve their conflicts

-Identity of population

42
Q

Economic Development:

A

-Examine social conflicts and cultural dimension of that development

-Attention to vulnerable groups and equity

43
Q

Educational Anthropology:

A

-Attempts to bring education to everyone
-Contradiction between the set of beliefs from the society and the textbooks

43
Q

Educational Anthropology:

A

-Attempts to bring education to everyone
-Contradiction between the set of beliefs from the society and the textbooks

anthropology, culture and social conscience (3 decks)

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