m1 Flashcards
What’s Physical Anthropology?
-Human Fossils
-Distinctive features of contemporary groups.
What’s Archeology?
-Material remains from past cultures
-Ecological environments
-Causes that led to its demise
What’s Anthropology Linguistics?
-Diversity of spoken languages
-Reconstruct the history of their origin
What’s Cultural Anthropology ?
Or Social Anthropology
-Description from past and today’s culture.
-Medical, urban, religion…
Evolutionist school: the scientist have to discover the stages of all cultures to reach the highest level of development
True
3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #1
- Description of other cultures and reflection on the transformation of their practices
3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #2
- Search for scientific laws of evolution of societies and their institutions
3 stages of development according to the Taxonomy of Marzal #3
- Search for scientific laws of the functioning of societies, from divergent approaches
Which school argues that the societies shall pass through states of development?
Evolutionist School
-Scientific
-Highest level of development
-European societies
Who established the bases of the study of the anthropology and proposed the first concept of culture?
Tylor
Who proposed a classification of the evolution of mankind in three stages?
Lewis H. Morgan
Lower Savagery:
Collection of
-wild food
-promiscuity
-nomadic horde
Higher Savegery:
-Utensils for hunting (bows and arrows)
-Banned marraige among siblings
Barbarism:
-Agriculture and pottery
-Prohibition of incest
Higher Barbarism:
-Development of Metallurgy
-Private property instead of common goods.
-Polygyny
Civilization:
-Writing development
-CIvil government
-Monogamy
Historical Particularism (school):
-Every culture or society is the consequence of its own process
-NO to the existence of savage cultures and higher cultures
-Its model had to be the only one
Difussionism (school):
-Cultures adopted their elements by imitation.
-Cultural characteristics diffused from one society to another
-Acculturation (exchange of cultural features)
Functionalism (school):
-Describe the functions of the customs and institutions for the society studied
-Understand its origins
Structural Functionalism (school):
-Society was organized as a whole
-Importance of field work for long periods which provides valid and reliable data
French Structuralism (school):
-Society was organized as a whole
-Importance of field work for long periods which provides valid and reliable data
1 of the most representative works: research about the way the society keeps integrated and allows its appropriate funct
Functionalism
What’s Ethnocentrism?
Judging other cultures using our own cultural standards
What’s Affinity?
Set of relationships that link two groups through marriage and social solidarity with people outside the nuclear family. In law relatives.
What’s Enculturation?
Learning process of the culture which we are exposed and we become the bearer of society
What’s Acculturation?
Exchange of cultural features
What’s Otherness?
-Relationship with beings that suggest the notion of other as interpersonal phenomenon
-Identity is discovered by observing the diversity of others
Propose to include the influence of the natural environment with cultural factors, such as technology and the economy.
Cultural Ecology
What’s State?
Political unit with an independent government and a centralized organization
What’s The Universal Pattern of Cultures?
Method that allows collecting and organizing data according to the sociocultural whole present in all cultures
UPC : Infrastructure
-Society meets its minimum requirements for subsistence
-Family, friends and in law-relationships
UPC: Structure
-Society is organized into groups for regulate goods and labor
-Companies, employees and workes
UPC : Superstructure
-Artistic, recreational, intellectual and religious activities
-All activities from the internal pov of the before ones.
3 Phases - Concept of Culture (Giménez)
-Particular Phase - customs
-Abstract Phase - models
-Symbolic Phase - meanings
2 types of marriage:
- Exogamous: marriage w/someone from the outside the group.
2.Endogamous: marriage w/someone from the group.
4 Vital Functions of Family:
- Sexual Relations
- Reproduction
- Education
- Subsistence
What’s Genealogy?
-Family history
-It studies the ancestry and the offspring
-Kinship
Shamanist and Ecclesiastical:
-Shamanist: specialized person who resorts people at difficult times.
-Ecclesiastical: full-time commitment, rulling class of society
Sacred and Protane:
Sacred: rituals with the divine
Protane: ordinary events of life
Medical Anthropology:
-Social perceptions of disease
-Influence of culture in diagnosis
Urban Anthropology?
-Way individuals from various places solve their conflicts
-Identity of population
Economic Development:
-Examine social conflicts and cultural dimension of that development
-Attention to vulnerable groups and equity
Educational Anthropology:
-Attempts to bring education to everyone
-Contradiction between the set of beliefs from the society and the textbooks
Educational Anthropology:
-Attempts to bring education to everyone
-Contradiction between the set of beliefs from the society and the textbooks
