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ULTRASOUND > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

1
Q

(blank) is compared to
surrounding tissues

A

Echogenicity

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2
Q

Homogenous echo texture with ranges in echogenicity

A

Organ parenchyma

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3
Q

Homogenous, hypoechoic

A

Muscle

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4
Q

Homogenous, hypoechoic, and
hyperechoic borders

A

Tissue

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5
Q

Homogenous, hyperechoic

A

Placenta

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6
Q

Anechoic lumen, hyperechoic walls

A

Fluid Filled Structures

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7
Q

Fluid filled structures examples

A

Amniotic Sac
Blood vessels
Brain Ventricles
Ducts
Gallbladder
Ovarian Follicles
Renal Calyces
Umbilical Cord
Urinary Bladder

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8
Q

GI Tract
• Fluid
• Gas
• Food, gas, fluid, feces

A

Anechoic
Hyperechoic
Complex

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9
Q

Air
Bones
Diaphragm
Fat
Fissures
Ligaments

A

Echogenic/ Hyperechoic
(white)

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10
Q

Professional and Clinical
Standards

A

• Courtesy, Respect
• Dress appropriately
• Explain, Instruct, Assist
• Identify, Introduce yourself

• Know Procedures and Protocols
• Never talk about sonographic
findings or give your opinion on the
results
• Only physicians can legally render
a diagnosis

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11
Q

7.5 – 15 MHZ

A

• For superficial structures
• 1 – 3 cm from the surface
• Thyroid, breast, testicle

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12
Q

2.25 – 3.5 MHZ

A

• For deeper structures (abdomen/pelvis)
• 12 – 15 cm from the surface
• Liver, Kidneys, Urinary Bladder

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13
Q

• Present images and details of the study
• State exam and reason
• Patient history, correlative data/studies
• Logical sequence
• Discuss technique, related anatomy, abnormal
findings

A

Case presentation

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14
Q

IMAGE DOCUMENTATION

A

• Areas of interest
• Date, time, site
• Endocavital studies – witnessed by
another health professional
• Film labeling
• Patient’s name, Sonographer’s
name

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15
Q

Imaging Criteria

A

Image documentation
Imaging
Transducer selection

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16
Q

DESCRIBING
SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS

A

• Abnormal Findings
• Appropriate terminology
• Demonstrate the abnormality on the images
• Technical observation – should not be legally compromising

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17
Q

SAGITTAL, TRANSVERSE, CORONAL
ANTERIOR, POSTERIOR, SUPERIOR,
INFERIOR, LATERAL, MEDIAL

A

SCANNING PLANES

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18
Q

How to use the Transducer

• – straight up and down
• – superior, inferior, lateral
• – beneath inferior intercostal margin, angled superiorly
• - between ribs
• – oblique scanning planes

A

Perpendicular
Angled
Subcostal
Intercostal
Twisting

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19
Q

SURFACE LANDMARKS

A

• Midline - Sternum
Symphysis pubis
Umbilicus
• Lateral - Iliac crest
Inferior costal margin

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20
Q

PATIENT POSITIONS

A

Prone
Supine

Right/Left Posterior Oblique
Right/Left Lateral Decubitus

Sitting Erect/Semi-erect

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21
Q

Blood supply in PANCREAS

A

Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery

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22
Q

Venous drainage in PANCREAS

A

Superior Mesenteric Vein
Splenic Vein

23
Q

Main pancreatic duct

A

Wirsung duct

24
Q

accessory pancreatic duct

A

Santorini duct

25
Q

LIVER DIVISIONS

A

Caudate
Left
Right

26
Q

CAUDATE lobe is separated from the LEFT lobe by:

A

ligamentum venosum

27
Q

LIVER LIGAMENTS

A

CORONARY LIGAMENT
FALCIFORM LIGAMENT
GASTROHEPATIC LIGAMENT
HEPATODUODENAL LIGAMENT
LIGAMENTUM TERES
LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM
TRIANGULAR LIGAMENT

28
Q

COUINAUD’S NUMBERING SYSTEM

A

1 Caudate
2 Left Superior Lateral
3 Left Inferior Lateral
4a Left Superior Medial
4b Left Inferior Medial
5 Right Inferior Anterior
6 Right Inferior Pesterior
7 Right Superior Posterior
8 Right Superior Anterior

29
Q

LIVER SPACES

A

MORISON PIUCH
SUBHEPATIC SPACE
SUBPHRENIC SPACE

30
Q

LEFT lobe is separated from the RIGHT lobe by:

A

MIDDLE HEPATIC VEIN superiorly & MAIN LOBAR FISSURE inferiorly

31
Q

Indications for Examination in Liver
AABHPPP

A

Abdominal pain
Abnormal liver function tests
Biliary disease
Hepatocellular disease
Palpable liver or spleen
Pancreatitis
Postprandial pain

32
Q

PATHOLOGIES: LIVER

A

CIRRHOSIS
FATTY LIVER DISEASE
HEPATOMEGALY
PASSIVE HEPATIC CONGESTION
VIRAL HEPATITIS

33
Q

BENIGN LIVER LESIONS

A

ABSCESS
BENIGN HEPATIC CYST
CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMAS
HEPATIC CALCIFICATION
LIVER HEMATOMA

34
Q

MALIGNANT LIVER LESIONS

A

HEPATIC METASTASIS
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

35
Q

retroperitoneal organ

A

pancreas

36
Q

intraperitoneal organ

A

liver

37
Q

medial externsion of head

A

uncinate process

38
Q

lies posterior of stomach

A

tail

39
Q

separates uncinate process & pancreatic neck

A

superior mesenteric vein

40
Q

sonographic apperance

A

tail: 1 - 2 cm mid gray homogenous
pancreas: isoechoic/ hyperechoic to liver
splenic vein, IVC: anechoic

41
Q

Indications for Examination in Pancreas AABEPW

A

Abdominal distention
Anorexia
Biliary disease
Elevated pancreatic enzymes
Pancreatitis
Weight loss

42
Q

Transabdominal anterior approach

A

Axial survey
Longitudinal survey

43
Q

LIVER SURVEY

A

INTERCOSTAL APPROACH
TRANSABDOMINAL ANTERIOR APPROACH

44
Q

Pancreas survey

A

Transabdominal Anterior Approach

45
Q

PATHOLOGIES OF PANCREAS

A

ACUTE PANCREATITIS
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA
PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST

46
Q

Indications for Examinations in GB

A

Jaundice
Nausea
Positice Murphy Sign
Postprandial pain
RUQ pain

47
Q

PATHOLOGIES OF GB & BILIARY TRACT

A

BILE SLUDGE
CHOLECYSTITIS
CHOLELITHIASIS
CHOLESTEROLOSIS
GB CANCER
GB POLYPS
PORCELAIN GB

48
Q

BILIARY TREE PATHOLOGIES

A

ASCARIASIS
BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
CHOLEDOCHAL CYST
CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

49
Q

starry sky apperance

A

acute hepatitis

50
Q

spleen sonographic appearance

A

homogenous with medium level echoes

51
Q

spleen sonographic appearance

A

spleen is isoechoic/ hypoechoic compared to liver

52
Q

spleen sonographic appearance

A

spleen is hyperechoic relatively to the left kidney

53
Q

pancreas sonographic appearance

A

pancreas is hyperechoic to liver

ULTRASOUND (2 decks)

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